To promote human well-being and ensure healthy lives, the United Nations has set an ambitious sustainable development goal to reduce illnesses and deaths associated with soil contamination by 2030 (UN, 2015). Soil is a fragile, nonrenewable resource that is fundamental to life on earth (FAO, 2015;Hou et al., 2020). However, anthropogenic activities have led to widespread soil degradation and contamination (FAO, 2018). In Europe, there are approximately 2.5 million sites that are potentially contaminated by heavy metals and organic contaminants (EEA, 2018). In USA, 235,000-355,000 sites need to be remediated (US EPA 2004). In China, it is estimated that 16.1% of the nation's land contains