Fly foregut and transmission of microbes

Stoffolano, John G.

doi:10.1016/bs.aiip.2019.10.001

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 237 publications

(333 reference statements)

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“…In the case of A. ludens , all the latter still needs to be studied. However, based on detailed recent studies on the gut of this insect ( Guillén et al, 2019 ), we suggest that flies could recover important bacteria from other structures linked to the gut that harbor microbes such as the dorsal esophageal bulb and crop ( Lloyd et al, 1986 ; Stoffolano, 2019 ) that despite suffering structural changes “survive” metamorphosis ( Chapman, 1998 ). We note, that A. ludens adults have a very different diet when compared to larvae and that when they emerge from the puparia after metamorphosis, they need to quickly find nutrients for survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota

et al. 2021

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We studied the microbiota of a highly polyphagous insect, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), developing in six of its hosts, including two ancestral (Casimiroa edulis and C. greggii), three exotic (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo, Prunus persica cv. Criollo, and Citrus x aurantium) and one occasional host (Capsicum pubescens cv. Manzano), that is only used when extreme drought conditions limit fruiting by the common hosts. One of the exotic hosts (“criollo” peach) is rife with polyphenols and the occasional host with capsaicinoids exerting high fitness costs on the larvae. We pursued the following questions: (1) How is the microbial composition of the larval food related to the composition of the larval and adult microbiota, and what does this tell us about transience and stability of this species’ gut microbiota? (2) How does metamorphosis affect the adult microbiota? We surveyed the microbiota of the pulp of each host fruit, as well as the gut microbiota of larvae and adult flies and found that the gut of A. ludens larvae lacks a stable microbiota, since it was invariably associated with the composition of the pulp microbiota of the host plant species studied and was also different from the microbiota of adult flies indicating that metamorphosis filters out much of the microbiota present in larvae. The microbiota of adult males and females was similar between them, independent of host plant and was dominated by bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae. We found that in the case of the “toxic” occasional host C. pubescens the microbiota is enriched in potentially deleterious genera that were much less abundant in the other hosts. In contrast, the pulp of the ancestral host C. edulis is enriched in several bacterial groups that can be beneficial for larval development. We also report for the first time the presence of bacteria within the Arcobacteraceae family in the gut microbiota of A. ludens stemming from C. edulis. Based on our findings, we conclude that changes in the food-associated microbiota dictate major changes in the larval microbiota, suggesting that most larval gut microbiota is originated from the food.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota

et al. 2021

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“…The mechanical transfer was reported in a study that demonstrated that E. coli carried on the outer surfaces of flies was transferred to different food types, including steak, milk, and potato salad [ 94 ]. On the other hand, the internally-borne bacteria are transmitted through the insects’ feces, saliva during feeding (regurgitation), or during the decay of dead insects [ 95 , 96 ]. In one study, houseflies were fed with fluorescent-labeled bacteria to investigate the migration of the bacteria in the fly and study the possibility of transmission to other surfaces following ingestion [ 97 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Insects Rodents and Pets In Amr Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2021

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This paper reviews the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in insects, rodents, and pets. Insects (e.g., houseflies, cockroaches), rodents (rats, mice), and pets (dogs, cats) act as reservoirs of AMR for first-line and last-resort antimicrobial agents. AMR proliferates in insects, rodents, and pets, and their skin and gut systems. Subsequently, insects, rodents, and pets act as vectors that disseminate AMR to humans via direct contact, human food contamination, and horizontal gene transfer. Thus, insects, rodents, and pets might act as sentinels or bioindicators of AMR. Human health risks are discussed, including those unique to low-income countries. Current evidence on human health risks is largely inferential and based on qualitative data, but comprehensive statistics based on quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) are still lacking. Hence, tracing human health risks of AMR to insects, rodents, and pets, remains a challenge. To safeguard human health, mitigation measures are proposed, based on the one-health approach. Future research should include human health risk analysis using QMRA, and the application of in-silico techniques, genomics, network analysis, and ’big data’ analytical tools to understand the role of household insects, rodents, and pets in the persistence, circulation, and health risks of AMR.

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“…The housefly, Musca domestica, distributed worldwide, is the most common species of fly, living in close association with humans and domestic animals, making it one of the most highly studied insect pests [176,177]. Besides being a source of irritation and spoiling food, the house fly acts as a vector for many medical and veterinary pathogens [178].…”

Section: Musca Domesticamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on Viruses in Mass-Reared Edible Insect Species

Bertola

2021

Viruses

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Edible insects are expected to become an important nutrient source for animals and humans in the Western world in the near future. Only a few studies on viruses in edible insects with potential for industrial rearing have been published and concern only some edible insect species. Viral pathogens that can infect insects could be non-pathogenic, or pathogenic to the insects themselves, or to humans and animals. The objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the viruses detected in edible insects currently considered for use in food and/or feed in the European Union or appropriate for mass rearing, and to collect information on clinical symptoms in insects and on the vector role of insects themselves. Many different virus species have been detected in edible insect species showing promise for mass production systems. These viruses could be a risk for mass insect rearing systems causing acute high mortality, a drastic decline in growth in juvenile stages and in the reproductive performance of adults. Furthermore, some viruses could pose a risk to human and animal health where insects are used for food and feed.

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Fly foregut and transmission of microbes

Cited by 27 publications

References 237 publications

Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota

Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota

Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance

A Systematic Review on Viruses in Mass-Reared Edible Insect Species

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