Flytrap Inspired pH‐Driven 3D Hydrogel Actuator by Femtosecond Laser Microfabrication

Wang, Jianyu; Jin, Feng; Dong, Xian‐Zi; Liu, Jie; Zheng, Mei‐Ling

doi:10.1002/admt.202200276

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…[6] This stimuli-responsiveness has been exploited to develop actuating and shape-changing elements, such as linear pullers, [7] helical twisters, [7,8] bilayers, and grabbers. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Unlike battery-powered and microchip-containing robotics, [19] these soft robotic systems are classically limited in the complexity of autonomous operations because they source their "instructions" and energy for operation from an outside environmental stimulus. However, such environments do not typically undergo complex changes autonomously to pre-encode a behavior.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma202209870mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Soft Robots Empowered by Chemical Reaction Networks

et al. 2022

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Hydrogel actuators are important for designing stimuli‐sensitive soft robots. They generate mechanical motion by exploiting compartmentalized (de)swelling in response to a stimulus. However, classical switching methods, such as manually lowering or increasing the pH, cannot provide more complex autonomous motions. By coupling an autonomously operating pH‐flip with programmable lifetimes to a hydrogel system containing pH‐responsive and non‐responsive compartments, autoonenomous forward and backward motion as well as more complex tasks, such as interlocking of “puzzle pieces” and collection of objects are realized. All operations are initiated by one simple trigger, and the devices operate in a “fire and forget” mode. More complex self‐regulatory behavior is obtained by adding chemo‐mechano‐chemo feedback mechanisms. Due to its simplicity, this method shows great potential for the autonomous operation of soft grippers and metamaterials.

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Section: Doi: 101002/adma202209870mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Soft Robots Empowered by Chemical Reaction Networks

et al. 2022

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“…The predesigned microscopic 3D products can be created after treatment with developer chemicals. Since Maruo et al obtained the first micro–nano 3D pattern in 1996, two-photon lithography has been widely employed in many fields, such as nanophotonics, − microrobotics, − metamaterials, − 3D data storage, , and bioengineering. , However, owing to the low writing speed and abundant time consumption, it remains a great challenge to apply two-photon lithography to industrial mass production. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketocoumarin-Based Photoinitiators for High-Sensitivity Two-Photon Lithography

Jin

Shen

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Ketocoumarins are attractive and distinct photosensitizers due to their high molar extinction coefficients, high intersystem crossing coefficients, and high photochemical stability. As a classic commercial ketocoumarin-based two-photon initiator, 7-diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC) was widely used in two-photon lithography. However, the large fluorescence quantum yield and low twophoton absorption cross section value greatly limit its application in high-throughput nanofabrication. In this work, a series of DETC derivatives were developed by extending the length of the alkyl chain and integrating different donor and acceptor groups. These ketocoumarin-based initiators, namely, compounds 1−7, were designed, synthesized, and unambiguously characterized. Compared with DETC, these compounds exhibit higher molar extinction coefficient, lower fluorescence quantum yield, higher two-photon absorption cross section, and improved sensitivity in two-photon lithography. Among these molecules, compound 7 with expanded π-electron systems and structures with enhanced intramolecular charge transfer exhibits the best sensitivity in two-photon lithography. With compound 7-based photoresist, many kinds of complex threedimensional patterns can be fabricated using two-photon lithography at a writing speed of up to 60 mm s −1 . The high two-photon initiation sensitivity makes these compounds promising candidates for commercialization and provides a new design concept for the development of new initiators.

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“…Hydrogels have physicochemical properties similar to extracellular matrix (ECM), rich mechanical properties, , good self-healing ability, , and sophisticated responsiveness. , Moreover, hydrogels can also construct micro/nano biomimetic structures for tissue regeneration − and provide micrometer-scale surface morphology for regulating cell behavior, such as cell adhesion, migration, or survival proliferation differentiation media release. , Thus, hydrogels are widely used in tissue engineering and drug delivery. , However, the fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) arbitrary biocompatible hydrogel scaffold with high precision is still a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

22 nm Resolution Achieved by Femtosecond Laser Two-Photon Polymerization of a Hyaluronic Acid Vinyl Ester Hydrogel

Duan

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Three-dimensional (3D) bioinspired hydrogels have played an important role in tissue engineering, owing to their advantage of excellent biocompatibility. Here, the two-photon polymerization (TPP) of a 3D hydrogel with high precision has been investigated, using the precursor with hyaluronic acid vinyl ester (HAVE) as the biocompatibility hydrogel monomer, 3,3′-((((1E,1′E)-(2-oxocyclopentane-1,3-diylidene) bis(methanylylidene)) bis(4,1-phenylene)) bis(methylazanediyl))dipropanoate as the water-soluble initiator, and d l-dithiothreitol (DTT) as the click-chemistry cross-linker. The TPP properties of the HAVE precursors have been comprehensively investigated by adjusting the solubility and the formulation of the photoresist. The feature line width of 22 nm has been obtained at a processing laser threshold of 3.67 mW, and the 3D hydrogel scaffold structures have been fabricated. Furthermore, the average value of Young’s modulus is 94 kPa for the 3D hydrogel, and cell biocompatibility has been demonstrated. This study would provide high potential for achieving a 3D hydrogel scaffold with highly precise configuration in tissue engineering and biomedicine.

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Flytrap Inspired pH‐Driven 3D Hydrogel Actuator by Femtosecond Laser Microfabrication

Cited by 46 publications

References 50 publications

Autonomous Soft Robots Empowered by Chemical Reaction Networks

Autonomous Soft Robots Empowered by Chemical Reaction Networks

Ketocoumarin-Based Photoinitiators for High-Sensitivity Two-Photon Lithography

22 nm Resolution Achieved by Femtosecond Laser Two-Photon Polymerization of a Hyaluronic Acid Vinyl Ester Hydrogel

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