Foaming Glycosides: A Review

Abstract

Abstract--Foaming Glycosides, traditionally known for their detergent properties are generally responsible for expectorant action. Pentacyclic triterpenoid and steroidal types have different applications due to different linkages in their structures. Now-a-days their use is not just restricted to cleaning purposes but has widened to other fields too such as health, beverages and cosmeceuticals. Their availability in different plant genus and marine world help to meet up to the industrial demands. Due to the huge industrial demands scientists are looking out for the new formulations and improved ways for finding new extraction techniques for different classes of saponins. Wide applications of saponins have emerged during this last one decade and is considered to be a growing hub. The present review is an effort to consolidate the work done on this particular class of secondary metabolite.

The effect of alfalfa saponins on the contractility of bovine isolated abomasum and duodenum preparations

“…There are 13 medicagenic acids and 4 hederagenin derivatives occurring in alfalfa roots and aerial parts (Biały et al, 1999;Sen et al, 1998). The total saponin content in alfalfa ranges between 0.5% and 9.5% of dry matter (Kharkwal et al, 2012;Nowacka and Oleszek, 1994). They are rapidly and effectively released from that plant in the gut (Mathison et al, 1999) which makes them easily assimilable for animals.…”

Interactions between erythromycin, flunixin meglumine, levamisole and plant secondary metabolites towards bovine gastrointestinal motility—in vitro study

“…Irrespective of the mechanism of action, the magnitude of pharmaceuticals’ effect was taken over by flavonoids and saponins. Taking into account the limited bioavailability of PSM and their relatively low content in nonsupplemented regular diet (Van Wyk & Wink, ; Kharkwal et al., ), the response of smooth muscle specimens to apigenin, quercetin, hederagenin and medicagenic acid used in the lower dose is of more relevance and considered to be a more likely exposure to the animal. The general myocontractile effect of the combined exposure to flavonoids, saponins used in the concentration of 0.001 μM and selected pharmaceutical agents can potentially be advantageous in the prevention of deceased motility complaints.…”

“…Similarly, triterpenoid saponins present in plants such as alfalfa, red clover or soya beans used for cows feeding, as well as in plants applied as feed additive, for example, soapbark, are constantly delivered to the animal system (Francis, Kerem, Makkar, & Becker, ). The major source of triterpenoid saponins in ruminants’ diet is definitely alfalfa, which may contain a total saponin content of 0.5%–9.5% of dry matter (Kharkwal et al., ; Nowacka & Oleszek, ).…”

Saponins and microbial biosurfactants: Potential raw materials for the formulation of cosmetics

“…Triterpene aglycones have a pentacyclic nucleus composed of 30 carbon atoms and occur naturally in the form of both saponins and free aglycone. Steroidal aglycones have a nucleus with 27 carbon atoms and occur in nature only as saponins . The chemical structure of saponins are illustrated in Figure .…”

“…The most common sugars found in saponins are d ‐glucose, d ‐galactose, d ‐glucuronic acid, d ‐galacturonic acid, l ‐rhamnose, l ‐arabinose, d ‐xylose, and d ‐fructose. Based on the number of sugar chains in the structure, saponins are categorized as mono‐, di‐, or tridesmosidic . Monodesmosidic saponins have a single sugar chain in the aglycone, which is normally linked to C‐3.…”