Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis of the oral mucosa adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma

Oral Focal Acantholytic Dyskeratosis

“…Solitary focal acantholytic dyskeratosis involving oral mucosa was first reported by Gorlin and Peterson 2 . Since that initial report an additional 21 cases involving oral mucosa have been reported 2–18 (Table 1). Examples of focal acantholytic dyskeratosis involving other mucosal surfaces include the vocal cord, 19 vulva, 20 and perianal region 21 …”

“…Review of the English medical and dental literature revealed 23 examples of solitary or isolated oral focal acantholytic dyskeratosis in 22 patients; 2–18 one individual presented with bilateral lesions 10 . The average age was 54.6 years with a range from 33 to 81 years.…”

“…These include basal cell carcinoma, dermatofibroma, chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis, comedo, malignant melanoma, and melanocytic nevi 1 . It has been observed as an incidental finding adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma 17 and with perianal condyloma acuminatum 21 …”

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis within infundibular cysts

“…Since 1970, when Ackerman 6 first proposed the idea of incidental EH, many reports of EH have been published including that in association with varied nevi, 7–11 squamous cell carcinoma, 6,12,13 basal cell carcinoma, 8,13 melanoma, 8 epidermolytic acanthoma, 8 seborrheic keratosis, 6,8 scar, 8,14 leukoplakia, 15 and nevus comedonicus 16 . Although EH can be found repeatedly in the literature in association with a number of lesions, it has not been described in association with an infundibular cyst since a report by Mehregan 14 in 1978, which was the first as well as last published report.…”

“…Irrespective of the clinical appearance, the microscopic features of EH are consistent and include (1) perinuclear clear spaces in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum, (2) indistinct cellular boundaries, (3) markedly thickened granular zone with an increased number of irregularly shaped keratohyalin granules, and (4) compact hyperkeratosis. 6 Since 1970, when Ackerman 6 first proposed the idea of incidental EH, many reports of EH have been published including that in association with varied nevi, 7-11 squamous cell carcinoma, 6,12,13 basal cell carcinoma, 8,13 melanoma, 8 epidermolytic acanthoma, 8 seborrheic keratosis, 6,8 scar, 8,14 leukoplakia, 15 and nevus comedonicus. 16 Although EH can be found repeatedly in the literature in association with a number of lesions, it has not been described in association with an infundibular cyst since a report by Mehregan 14 in 1978, which was the first as well as last published report.…”