Focal adhesion formation of primary human gingival fibroblast on hydrothermally and in‐sol‐made TiO₂‐coated titanium

Abstract

Optimal cell adhesion of the gingival fibroblasts to dental implants is important for maintaining good implant integration. The aim of this study was to discover, if the nanoporous TiO 2 -coating on titanium alloy substrates is able to increase the cell adhesion of the human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The study consisted of three differently produced titanium groups: hydrothermally produced TiO 2 -coating (HT), novel TiO 2 -coating made in sol (SOL), and noncoated control group. Primary HGF cells were initiated from gingival biopsies from patients having a third molar extraction.HGF were cultivated on titanium discs for 2 and 24 h to determine the initial attachment with confocal microscope. The cell spreading and adhesion protein signals were measured. In addition, expression of adhesion proteins vinculin, paxillin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were measured after 3 days of cultivation by using Western Blotting. Higher protein levels of paxillin, vinculin, and FAK were induced on both coated discs compared to noncoated discs. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) concerning expression of paxillin. The cell spreading was significantly larger on SOL discs after 2 and 24 h when comparing to noncoated controls. The confocal microscope analyses revealed significantly higher adhesion protein signals on both HT-and SOL-coated titanium compared to control group. This study showed, that both methods to produce TiO 2 -coatings are able to increase HGF adhesion protein expression and cell spreading on titanium surface. Accordingly, the coatings can potentially improve the gingival attachment to titanium implant surfaces.

Technological Aspects and Performance of High Entropy Alloys with Potential Application in Dental Restorations and Reducing Implant Failure

“…Also, the focal adhesions were significantly longer than in the cells on Ti0.6Zr0.6Nb1.4Ta1.4Mo1.4, suggesting that Ti1.4Zr1.4Nb0.6Ta0.6Mo0.6 was the most potent in stimulating the focal adhesions maturation in the osteoblast cells. It is well known that the maturation of focal adhesions is closely associated with tissue integration of the implanted biomaterials [79], and this finding proves that the nonequiatomic Ti1.4Zr1.4Nb0.6Ta0.6Mo0.6 BioHEA possessed a superior in vitro biological performance when compared to that of SUS-316L alloy. This study brings to attention that by manipulating the alloy compositions in the Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-Mo bioHEAs, implant biocompatibility can be optimized.…”

“…It is well known that the maturation of focal adhesions is closely associated with tissue integration of the implanted biomaterials [79], and this finding proves that the non-equiatomic Ti 1.4 Zr 1.4 Nb 0.6 Ta 0.6 Mo 0.6 BioHEA possessed a superior in vitro biological performance when compared to that of SUS-316L alloy. This study brings to attention that by manipulating the alloy compositions in the Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-Mo bioHEAs, implant biocompatibility can be optimized.…”

Effect of TiO2 Abutment Coatings on Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Behavior: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies

“…Different surface modifications of the implant transmucosal component have been studied previously to ensure proper soft tissue attachment and stability. TiO 2 coating is one example of surface modifications that have shown promising potential to improve soft tissue attachment on implant surfaces [ 21 ]. Various techniques have been used to obtain bioactive TiO 2 coatings on implant surfaces.…”

“…These interactions can enhance molecular and cellular activities and promote tissue healing at the Ti–tissue interface [ 27 , 28 ]. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that nanoporous TiO 2 coatings enhanced gingival cell response [ 5 , 21 , 29 , 30 ]. It has been shown that nanostructured TiO 2 coatings with smooth surface topography and good wettability promote favorable fibroblast and epithelial cell responses compared to machined surfaces which ultimately affects the rate and quality of new tissue formation [ 31 ].…”