Focal Networks and HIV Risk Among African-American Male Intravenous Drug Users

Fw, Frey; Abrutyn, Elías; Ds, Metzger; Ge, Woody; Cp, O’Brien; Trusiani, P

doi:10.1037/e495782006-007

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In the specific context of AIDS risk behaviours, studies have demonstrated that social network characteristics influence drug injectors' HIV behaviour risk levels and established correlations between individuals' risk practices and both the norms and the structural characteristics of their social networks (Zapka et al ., 1993;Neaigus et al ., 1994Neaigus et al ., , 2001Donaldson, 1995;Frey et al ., 1995;Latkin et al ., 1995a,b;Trotter et al ., 1995;Friedman et al ., 1999;Broadhead et al ., 2002). For example, Zapka et al .…”

Section: Social Network In Hiv/aids Preventionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Identifying, recruiting, and assessing social networks at high risk for HIV/AIDS: Methodology, practice, and a case study in St Petersburg, Russia

2005

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Population segments at highest risk for HIV are often hidden, marginalized, and hard to reach by conventional prevention programmes. This pattern is especially true in Central and Eastern Europe, where major HIV epidemics have recently appeared, where population members do not perceive themselves as belonging to a community, and where there is little precedence for strong community-based organization service programmes. In these circumstances, naturally existing intact social networks still can be targeted by prevention programmes. HIV prevention interventions undertaken with at-risk social networks can establish new group norms, reduce the risk behaviour of network members, and can reach 'hidden' members of a population known personally to leaders of the social networks. This article illustrates a methodology and a practical description for: (1) accessing high-risk social networks in a community population; (2) identifying and enumerating the membership of the social networks; (3) identifying the social leadership of the networks; and (4) establishing the HIV risk behaviour levels of the recruited networks. To illustrate how social network methods can be applied in the field, the article provides case study reports of HIV prevention fieldwork practice targeting high-risk networks of young men who have sex with men and young heterosexual adults in St Petersburg, Russia. Although there is an extensive conceptual literature on the influence of social networks on risk behaviour, this article describes specific and practical techniques that can be in the development of approaches for social network-based interventions.

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Section: Social Network In Hiv/aids Preventionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Identifying, recruiting, and assessing social networks at high risk for HIV/AIDS: Methodology, practice, and a case study in St Petersburg, Russia

2005

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“…Individuals who have a larger and denser drug network (Latkin et al, 1995; Neaigus et al, 1996), including more alcohol and crack users (Latkin, Mandell, & Vlahov, 1996), tend to have a greater number of sex partners. However, there is little understanding of the processes through which these networks may influence members’ engagement in high-risk sexual behavior (Frey et al, 1995; Friedman, Curtis, Neaigus, Jose, & DesJarlais, 1999; Sherman, Latkin, & Gielen, 2001). One study of drug using women highlighted the potential importance of social norms, finding that women with larger drug networks reported having fewer friends who talked about condoms and encouraged condom use (Latkin, Forman, Knowlton, & Sherman, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeless Women’s Personal Networks: Implications for Understanding Risk Behavior

et al. 2009

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The goal of this exploratory study was to examine the composition of homeless women’s personal networks in order to better understand the social context of risk behavior in this vulnerable population. Twenty-eight homeless women residing in temporary shelters in Los Angeles County provided detailed information about their extended personal networks. Women named 25 people with whom they had contact during the past year, and then were asked a series of questions about each one of these named network members. Results indicate that the personal networks of homeless women are larger and more diverse than suggested by previous research. About one-third of women’s relationships were with high-risk individuals (i.e., people perceived to drink heavily, use drugs, or engage in risky sex). However, most women also reported having relationships that could be characterized as both “low risk” (e.g., involving individuals perceived as not drinking heavily, using drugs, or engaging in risky sex) and “high quality” (e.g., long-term, emotionally close, or supportive), although these relationships tended to be rather tenuous. Our results suggest a need to assist homeless women in strengthening these existing low-risk/high-quality relationships, and extending the diversity of their networks, in order to increase women’s exposure to positive role models and access to tangible support and other needed resources.

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“…In a sense, the social performance of professional athlete groups is the effect of social networks and their sports. Social network analysis can be said to be a research paradigm, which is easier to enter the special lives of professional athletes [14].…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Structure and Characteristics of the Overall Social Network of Professional Athletes

et al. 2021

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This study chooses Chinese athletes as the research object and constructs the overall network of its social support network and discussion network. From the micro-, meso-, and macrolevels of the social network structure, the structure and characteristics of the athlete’s overall social network are analyzed. Through research, we found that there is embeddedness, that is, the relevance, between society support networks, between society discussion networks, and between society support networks and society discussion networks. At the same time, in the athletes’ social support network and social discussion network, some athletes have no contact with other players; they have no “power” in the group as well, so it is difficult to obtain network resources. We also found that there are small-world characteristics in the social network of Chinese professional athletes. The above findings will provide a deeper understanding of the peculiarities of athlete groups and have certain practical significance for improving athletes’ daily training and life management conditions.

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Focal Networks and HIV Risk Among African-American Male Intravenous Drug Users

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Identifying, recruiting, and assessing social networks at high risk for HIV/AIDS: Methodology, practice, and a case study in St Petersburg, Russia

Identifying, recruiting, and assessing social networks at high risk for HIV/AIDS: Methodology, practice, and a case study in St Petersburg, Russia

Homeless Women’s Personal Networks: Implications for Understanding Risk Behavior

Research on the Structure and Characteristics of the Overall Social Network of Professional Athletes

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