Focused Ultrasound of Vascular System in Dogs and Cats—Thromboembolic Disease

Mays, Erin; Phillips, Kathryn

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.07.013

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the ultrasonographic findings of feline ATE and to investigate associations between ultrasonographic findings and prognosis. Consistent with the existing literature, 12 the most frequent location for feline ATE was at the aortic trifurcation (26 cats [90%]). In most cases, there was no visible extension of the TE into one of the aortic branches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…11 Immature or acute thrombi have been described as hypoechoic to anechoic and homogeneous, and thus difficult to distinguish from flowing blood on B mode US. 12,15 Within 6 h of the induction of experimentally induced thrombi, however, echogenicity of the forming thrombus rapidly increased. 16 Finally, Drost et al 15 reported that chronic thrombi typically appeared echogenic to hyperechoic and heterogeneous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,7,8 A final diagnosis of ATE in cats is usually based on physical examination, and can be confirmed by infrared thermography or direct visualisation of the TE with ultrasound (US), CT or MRI angiography. [9][10][11][12] US has the advantage of being non-ionising, fast and non-invasive, but interpretation is highly operator-dependent. 10,12 Despite the potential utility of this method, published reports on the ultrasonographic characteristics of ATE are currently lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonographic findings of feline aortic thromboembolism

Eberlé

Pouzot‐Nevoret

Thomas‐Cancian

et al. 2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aim of the study was to describe the ultrasonographic characteristics of feline aortic thromboembolism (ATE) and determine potential associations between ultrasonographic findings and prognosis. Methods Data were retrospectively collected from the medical records (2013–2021) of cats that were diagnosed ultrasonographically with ATE based on the presence of a thromboembolus (TE) in the distal aorta beginning after the departure of the renal arteries. Results Twenty-nine cats were included in this study. The most frequent location for an ATE was at the aortic trifurcation. The median length of TEs was 9 mm (range 3.5–42.9). TEs appeared homogeneous and isoechoic to surrounding tissues in all cases. No correlation was found between the appearance of the TE and the duration of clinical signs. The obstruction of blood flow in the distal aorta at the aortic trifurcation was complete in 66% of cases and incomplete in 34% of cases. The survival rate was significantly lower when the obstruction was complete (11%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2–34) compared with incomplete (70%, 95% CI 35–92). The arterial wall characteristics were as follows: smooth and thin (62%), and hyperechoic (38%). Conclusions and relevance Increased vascular obstruction of TEs was associated with a lower survival rate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonographic findings of feline aortic thromboembolism

Eberlé

Pouzot‐Nevoret

Thomas‐Cancian

et al. 2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…En este sentido, se realizaron otros exámenes, como ecografía bidimensional y Doppler (Ecógrafo Philips Affiniti 50G, Países Bajos), para descartar que el origen de formación del trombo fuese un problema cardiovascular o por neoplasias; estos métodos se consideran de primera elección por su fácil acceso [17]. Difiriendo con los mencionado por von Stade y col. [27], quienes afirman que la angiografía por Tomografía computarizada es el método de imagen de elección para el diagnóstico de trombos de la vena porta en perros, en comparación con la ecografía; debido a que proporciona información específica, como la detección de la presencia, ubicación y número de trombos de la vena porta en perros [24], así como en gatos [23].…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Reporte de caso: Trombosis arterial en un perro Dálmata

2022

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La trombosis arterial incluida como diagnóstico diferencial en claudicaciones de aparición aguda en perros es poco común, ya que las primeras causas suelen ser traumatismos, neoplasias o enfermedades osteo degenerativas. Se describe el caso clínico de un perro macho Dálmata de 6,5 años de edad, con historial de claudicación del miembro torácico izquierdo de manera súbita, decaimiento y distrés respiratorio. Los valores elevados de Dímero D y Proteína C Reactiva conjuntamente con el estudio ecográfico confirmaron la presencia de un trombo en la arteria braquial radial; la causa de formación del trombo no se identificó. El manejo fue medicamentoso con enoxaparina, clopidogrel, rivaroxabán y atenolol a largo plazo.

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“…Factors such as patient movement (as was reported here) and operator experience may affect sensitivity. Timing of the thrombotic event may also affect echocardiographic diagnosis as an acute thrombus may be hypoechoic initially, followed by a transition to hyperechogenicity over time ( 16 , 17 ). In this case, it is also possible that the clot was not present at the time of the first echocardiogram, although an alternative cause of pulmonary hypertension could not be identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Successful Reperfusion of Pulmonary Thromboembolism Using tPA in a Cat

Sutton¹,

Mays²,

McLaughlin

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Pulmonary thromboembolism is a potentially life threatening condition that is uncommonly recognized in cats. Thrombolytic agents have been described as a treatment for this condition in human and canine patients, particularly in cases where hemodynamic instability is persistent despite supportive care. This report describes the clinical course, echocardiographic diagnosis, and successful thrombolysis of a cat with pulmonary thromboembolism. Despite confirmed reperfusion, the cat succumbed to thromboembolic disease highlighting the dearth of knowledge about optimal treatment of this disease process in small animals, particularly in cats.

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Focused Ultrasound of Vascular System in Dogs and Cats—Thromboembolic Disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Ultrasonographic findings of feline aortic thromboembolism

Ultrasonographic findings of feline aortic thromboembolism

Reporte de caso: Trombosis arterial en un perro Dálmata

Case Report: Successful Reperfusion of Pulmonary Thromboembolism Using tPA in a Cat

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