Folate-conjugated nanoparticles as a potent therapeutic approach in targeted cancer therapy

Patil

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Bacterial drug resistance has emerged as a serious global threat mandating the development of novel methodologies that allow facile modulation of antimicrobial action in a controlled fashion. Conjugating antibiotics to nanoparticles helps to meet this goal by increasing the drug’s overall avidity, bioavailability and easier internalisation into mammalian cells, targeting bacteria that otherwise escape antibacterial action by host cell-localisation. We used polymyxin B sulfate (PMB) and sushi peptide as model drugs against Gram-negative bacteria and established their enhanced antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells after conjugation to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The efficacy of the bioconjugates was also tested on Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) bacteria infected into cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and further improved through specific targeting via folate receptors. Our results demonstrate significantly lower inhibitory concentration values for sushi-NP assemblies as compared to free drug, especially at optimal drug loading levels. No major cytotoxicity was observed in mammalian cells alone.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual functionality nanobioconjugates targeting intracellular bacteria in cancer cells with enhanced antimicrobial activity

Patil

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

“…To avoid this, a ligand is used for active targeting of drug delivery. Folic acid, an attractive ligand to folate receptors, is known to be a potential targeting substance to deliver the therapeutic agents through receptor-mediated endocytosis because of the overexpression of folate receptors in the number of human cancer cells that serve as a symbol of tumour, and provide a distinguishable marker from normal cells 31,32 . The effective delivery of drugs to the target site can be attained through biological interactions like antigen-antibody binding called targeted drug delivery.…”

Section: Chitosan-folic Acid Conjugation and Active Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic Acid Decorated Chitosan Nanoparticles and its Derivatives for the Delivery of Drugs and Genes to Cancer Cells

et al. 2017

Nanotechnology offers a number of nanoscale implements for medicine. Among these, nanoparticles are revolutionizing the field of drug and gene delivery. Chitosan is a natural polymer which provides a profitable tool to an innovative delivery system due to its inherent physicochemical and biological characteristics. Chitosan nanoparticles are promising drug and gene delivery carriers because of small size, better stability, low toxicity, inexpensiveness, simplicity, easy fabrication and versatile means of administration. Chitosan can also be easily modified chemically due to the presence of reactive functional hydroxide and amine groups. Folic acid is commonly engaged as a ligand, for targeting cancer cells, as its receptor, that transports folic acid into the cells through endocytosis and is over-expressed on the surface of several human epithelial cancer cells. Integrating folic acid into chitosan-based drug delivery inventions directs the systems with a well-organized targeting ability. The present review outlines several illustrations of this versatile system based on folate decorated chitosan, which have shown potential as auspicious delivery systems published over the past few years. In addition, it is probable to formulate chitosan nanocarriers that exhibit manifold usage beyond targeted delivery, such as nanotheranostics and cancer stem cell therapy.

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

“…Selection of suitable natural polymers for development of nanoparticles provides additional benefits of enhanced stability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonimmunogenicity and non-toxicity. New generation of nanoparticles can be developed with newer natural polymers with remarkable biopharmaceutical properties such as health-promoting effects, inherent pharmacological activities, haemocompatibility, responsiveness to specific internal stimuli and tunable chemical properties (Bahrami et al, 2015;Fernández Diaz et al, 2017). Quantum dots are specialised nanocrystals or nanofactories used as fluorescent markers for live cellular imaging, especially in cancer therapeutics because of their superior size control effect through compartmentalization in the periplasmic space and vesicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) and toxicity profile of marine sulfated polysaccharides used in bionanotechnology

Majee¹,

Avlani²,

Ghosh³

et al. 2018

Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from marine algae and bacteria constitute an important class of biomacromolecules as they are characterized by biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Recent advances in bionanotechnology are attributed to identification of marine sulfated polysaccharides of unique composition and functional properties. Promising results obtained so far justify the need for additional research in the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) of these novel biopolymer-based nanomaterials in human body after administration by oral or parenteral route for therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. In vitro enzymatic degradation pathways should be investigated in order to yield commercially valuable oligomers. The goal of the present review is to enlighten on the ADME, cytotoxicity and in vitro enzymatic degradation of three marine sulfated polysaccharides, fucoidan, ulvan and mauran, obtained from brown seaweeds or macroalgae in the class of Phaeophyceae, members of Ulvales (green algae) and halophilic bacteria, respectively. They are presently being exploited in fabrication of nanoplatforms with novel applications in the field of controlled drug delivery, tissue regeneration scaffolds, cancer therapy, and bioimaging. However, significant research still needs to be carried out to characterize ADME of mauran and to improve production of the biopolymers on a large scale in order to find out clinically relevant solutions to establish these sulfated polysachharide-based nanotools as novel bionanotechnology strategies in future.