Foliage biomass - sapwood (area and volume) relationships of Tectona grandis L.F. and Gmelina arborea Roxb.: silvicultural implications

Morataya, Ricardo; Galloway, Glenn; Berninger, Frank; Kanninen, Markku

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00429-0

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Such a reduced production of foliage biomass is in part a result of the declining production of branch foliage when branches get older (King 1997). This is intrinsically linked with increasing amount of heartwood in stems and branches with increasing age and in line with the findings that sapwood area is highly correlated with total foliage biomass according to the pipe model theory (Shinozaki et al 1964a,b, Marchand 1984, Morataya et al 1999). The higher LWR in younger trees indicates that more carbohydrate resources would have been allocated to foliage to undertake photosynthetic activities and allow rapid vertical growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Patterns of biomass allocation between foliage and woody structure: the effects of tree size and specific functional traits

2016

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Mensah, S., Glèlè Kakaï, R., Seifert, T., 2016. Patterns of biomass allocation between foliage and woody structure: the effects of tree size and specific functional traits. Ann. For. Res. 59(1): 49-60.Abstract. Biomass allocation is closely related to species traits, resources availability and competitive abilities, and therefore it is often used to capture resource utilisation within plants. In this study, we searched for patterns in biomass allocation between foliage and wood (stem plus branch), and how they changed with tree size (diameter), species identity and functional traits (leaf area and specific wood density). Using data on the aboveground biomass of 89 trees from six species in a Mistbelt forest (South Africa), we evaluated the leaf to wood mass ratio (LWR). The effects of tree size, species identity and specific traits on LWR were tested using Generalised Linear Models. Tree size (diameter) was the main driver of biomass allocation, with 44.43 % of variance explained. As expected, LWR declined significantly with increasing tree diameter. Leaf area (30.17% explained variance) and wood density (12.61% explained variance) also showed significant effects, after size effect was accounted for. Results also showed clear differences among species and between groups of species. Per unit of wood mass, more biomass is allocated to the foliage in the species with the larger leaf area. Inversely, less biomass is allocated to the foliage in species with higher wood density. Moreover, with increasing diameter, lower wood density species tended to allocate more biomass to foliage and less biomass to stems and branches. Overall, our results emphasise the influence of plant size and functional traits on biomass allocation, but showed that neither tree diameter and species identity nor leaf area and wood density are the only important variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Patterns of biomass allocation between foliage and woody structure: the effects of tree size and specific functional traits

2016

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“…Un-thinned stands exhibiting high levels of inter-tree competition have often failed to increase diameter growth in residual trees. Trees that have experienced less competition tend to add more sapwood basal area with equal amounts of foliage biomass (Morataya et al 1999). After crown closure, foliage per tree changes little even when height growth continues (due to crown recession and lack of lateral crown expansion) (Onyekwelu et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, un-thinned or late thinned plantations produce tall, spindly trees with little foliage relative to their size (Gspaltl et al 2013). Between a tall tree and a shorter one (in a younger stand), the taller tree must produce more sapwood volume in order to sustain the similar growth rate in diameter, because this volume is distributed over a larger surface (Morataya et al 1999). Besides, the crown development increases light use efficiency, giving a large diameter (Gspaltl et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of thinning on diameter, heartwood, density and drying defects of Gmelina arborea

Vallejos

Moya

Serrano

2015

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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The effect of three levels thinning intensity in Gmelina arborea plantation on tree diameter, heartwood (diameter and percentage), wood density and drying defects (twist, crook, bow and check) was studied. Wood used for this study was obtained from eight-year-old plantations with thinning intensity of 60, 70 and 80% of initial density. Nine trees were selected from each trial. Results showed that tree diameter and wood density were similar in thinning intensity of 70 and 80%, but tree diameter from the plantation with 60% of thinning intensity was lower than plantation of 70 and 80%. Wood density of trees from 60% thinning intensity plantation was higher than 70 and 80%. Heartwood diameter and its percentage were the highest in 80% of thinning intensity. But not difference was found between 60 and 70% in heartwood (diameter and percentage). Finally, drying defects were not affected significantly by thinning intensity.

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“…Bhat (1998) showed that increase three growth rate does not retard the formation of heartwood. However, the amount of heartwood in teak is related to tree age (Okuyama et al 2000) and silvicultural practices (Morataya et al 1999).…”

Section: Tectona Grandis Plantations In Costa Ricamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stand growth scenarios for Tectona grandis plantations in Costa Rica

Pérez¹

2005

Diss. For.

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Fast-growing, high-yield tree plantations are an increasingly significant source of wood in the tropics. In these areas, improved wood productivity is an important economic goal. In Costa Rica and other countries in Central America, most of the tree plantations, especially those of advanced age, have not had the productivity expected of them. In the general context of a closer relationship between management practices and quality wood production, the general objective of this research was to develop a set of intensive management scenarios that could lead to alternative timber production practices with attainable and promising economic returns.Data for the different studies were collected in different regions of Costa Rica, covering almost all climatic conditions where T. grandis plantations have been established and where the species has adapted well. The study consisted fundamentally of the measurement of growth and yield parameters at the stand level and of the analysis of wood properties at the individual tree level and the interrelationship between silvicultural management and site conditions.High intensity, timely thinnings yielded both individual tree and stand volume, i.e. the objective of high individual tree growth was met without a severe reduction in stand yield. Pruning up to a reasonable height and on time caused no reduction in tree growth and stand yield. Moreover, pruning may improve stem form (higher form factor, lower stem taper) and heartwood content.Important characteristics, such as heartwood content and wood density, were found to be related more to tree age than to silvicultural management practices, especially at early plantation stages.Growth scenarios for 20 and 30 year rotations with the objectives of high individual tree growth and high stand growth were developed for high, medium, and low quality sites. Different site classes, production objectives, rotation periods, and discount rates resulted in marked differences in the financial profitability projections of the developed scenarios. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Markku Kanninen, who has believed in this study since the beginning of the journey and has encouraged me on a daily basis and for over five years of hard but unforgettable joint work to make real today's final research product. So many years working under Dr. Kanninen's supervision has brought my knowledge of forest silviculture to levels of understanding far beyond my expectations. Finally, his remarkable leadership of the research project, which this study is part of, has given me an invaluable example of team work, professionalism, and friendship, three fundamental ingredients for success.I am grateful to Dr. Pasi Puttonen and Dr. Lauri Valsta, from which I received unconditional support during these five years of research, especially during my stays in the beautiful country of Finland, where I also collected unforgettable memories and valuable knowledge. Their understanding, guidance, constant encouragement and constructive criticism were essential for th...

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Foliage biomass - sapwood (area and volume) relationships of Tectona grandis L.F. and Gmelina arborea Roxb.: silvicultural implications

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Patterns of biomass allocation between foliage and woody structure: the effects of tree size and specific functional traits

Patterns of biomass allocation between foliage and woody structure: the effects of tree size and specific functional traits

Effects of thinning on diameter, heartwood, density and drying defects of Gmelina arborea

Stand growth scenarios for Tectona grandis plantations in Costa Rica

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