Foliar and topdressing application of nitrogen to the common bean crop

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of applying N sources to leaves and N rates to the soil on the growth, N uptake, and grain and crude protein yields of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop. Three experiments -two irrigated and one rainfed -were conducted during the 2012/2013 agricultural season, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the application of: four N rates (0, 45, 90, and 180 kg ha -1 ) to the soil, as topdressing in the V 4 stage; and five N sources/rates -i.e., control, without foliar N application; 2.5 kg ha -1 N as conventional urea (N-CU); 5.0 kg ha -1 N-CU; 2.5 kg ha -1 N as slow-release urea-formaldehyde (N-SR); and 5.0 kg ha -1 N-SR -to leaves, in the R 5 stage. Soil N fertilization, using rates between 124 and 180 kg ha -1 , increases shoot N content and uptake, number of pods per plant, grain yield, and protein content and yield. Regardless of the growing environment and N application to the soil, the foliar supply of N as slow-release urea-formaldehyde increases grain and protein yields, whereas the greatest rate of N as conventional urea also increases grain yield. Aplicação de nitrogênio via foliar e em cobertura na cultura do feijoeiro comumResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de fontes de N via foliar e de doses de N via solo no crescimento, na absorção de N e na produtividade de grãos e de proteína bruta da cultura do feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Foram conduzidos três experimentos -dois em condição irrigada e um em sequeiro -no ano agrícola 2012/2013, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de: quatro doses de N via solo (0, 45, 90 e 180 kg ha -1 ), em cobertura, no estádio V 4 ; e cinco fontes/doses de N via foliar -i.e., testemunha, sem N via foliar; 2,5 kg ha -1 de N na forma de ureia convencional (N-UC); 5,0 kg ha -1 de N-UC; 2,5 kg ha -1 de N na forma de ureia-formaldeído de liberação lenta (N-LL); e 5,0 kg ha -1 de N-LL -, no estádio R 5 . A adubação nitrogenada via solo, com doses entre 124 e 180 kg ha -1 , aumenta o teor e o acúmulo de N na parte aérea, o número de vagens por planta, a produtividade de grãos, e o teor e a produtividade de proteína. Independentemente do ambiente de cultivo e da aplicação de N via solo, o fornecimento de N na forma de ureia-formaldeído de liberação lenta via foliar aumenta a produtividade de grãos e de proteína, enquanto a aplicação da maior dose de N na forma de ureia convencional também aumenta a produtividade de grãos.Termos para indexação: Phaseolus vulgaris, adubação foliar, adubação nitrogenada, liberação lenta, ureiaformaldeído.

Duration of the effects of scarification and raised bed associated with vegetation cover on soybean yield on an Alfisol

“…agropec. bras., Brasília, v.53, n.11, p.1230-1238, Nov. 2018 DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2018001100005 macropore ratio, drainage deficiency mainly due to the low hydraulic conductivity of the B horizon or to the underlying material, and compacted subsurface layer (Gomes et al, 2006); in and below this layer, it is difficult for roots to extract water and nutrients from the soil (Calonego et al, 2011), which can affect soybean grain yield. To minimize compaction, scarification systems are commonly used in order to reduce soil density, microporosity, and the micropore/macropore ratio, as well as to increase macroporosity and total porosity (Sartori et al, 2015;Giacomeli et al, 2016).…”

Effects of Foliar Application of Urea and Urea-Formaldehyde/Triazone on Soybean and Corn Crops

“…However, for yield during the 2018-2019 soybean season, the treatments based on urea-formaldehyde/triazone Hexion 2 and Hexion 3 demonstrated statistically superior performance compared to treatments Hexion 1, urea solution, and the control (Table 2), providing interesting results from an agronomic point of view. Kotz-Gurgacz and coworkers, working with foliar application of urea formaldehyde in the state of São Paulo, also observed a significant increase in yield of 15.6% in the bean crop in comparison to the control [40]. When analyzing Pearson's linear correlation for the 2018-2019 soybean crop, it is observed that production showed a positive correlation of 0.36, 0.35, and 0.36 for POD 1, POD 2, and NPP, respectively (Figure 2).…”

“…Kotz-Gurgacz and coworkers, working with foliar application of urea formaldehyde in the state of São Paulo, also observed a significant increase in yield of 15.6% in the bean crop in comparison to the control [40]. When analyzing Pearson's linear correlation for the 2018-2019 soybean crop, it is observed that production showed a positive correlation of 0.36, 0.35, and 0.36 for POD 1, POD 2, and NPP, respectively (Figure 2).…”

Bean yield under irrigation depths and tillage systems

“…These authors, evaluating different cultivars of irrigated bean in the winter under notillage systems, had a grain yield of 2,304 kg ha -1 with the 'IPR Andorinha' cultivar, under a nitrogen rate of 120 kg ha -1 . Nevertheless, Kotz-Gurgacz et al (2018), testing the 'Pérola' bean cultivar under notillage system and nitrogen rates, in two crop periods, reached grain yields of 3,342 and 2,699 kg ha -1 , respectively in the warmer (August to November) and colder (February to May) periods, in the irrigated treatments.…”