Foliar micromorphology of Convolvulaceous species with special emphasis on trichome diversity from the arid zone of Pakistan

Zafar

et al. 2019

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The current study deals with the detailed morphology investigation of eight Cypsela species belonging to tribe Cichoreae. The different Cypsela types were described, explained, compared, and their taxonomic significance is discussed in detail. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to highlight quantitative and qualitative characters of underestudied species. Cypsela exhibit great diversity in macro and micromorphological features such as shape, color, length, width, anticlinal and periclinal wall patterns, surface patterns, epicuticular projections. Majority of Cypsela species were brownish in color and their size ranges from 2.16 to 3.98 mm in length and 1.16 to 0.82 mm in breadth. A great diversity in Cypsela shapes like oblanceolate to obovate, obovoid to cylindrical, obvate, narrowly lanceolate were observed. Most of the platelets having epicuticular projections were observed. The surface pattern on the cypsela surface varied from rugose papillate, verrucose papillate, and striated. On the basis of considerable variations observed, the present study can assist as useful constraints at various taxonomic levels. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive description of the Cypsela morphology and to determine the extent to which these micro morphological data can be used as a taxonomic character to delineate various taxa belonging to the tribe Cichoreae.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic significance of cypsela morphology in tribe Cichoreae (Asteraceae) using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

Ayaz

Zafar

et al. 2019

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“…For palynological analysis, the pollen grains were formed in glycerin jelly and observed in light microscope. The fertility of pollen was evaluated using the techniques explained by Khan and Stace () and Ashfaq et al (). The treated pollen was stained by utilizing equal amounts of glycerin and 1% acetocarmine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative pollen and foliar micromorphological studies using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of some selected species of Lamiaceae from Alpine Zone of Deosai Plateau, Western Himalayas

Bano

Rashid

et al. 2020

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The study was conducted to highlight a detailed account of morphology of pollen chosen species of Lamiaceae through scanning electron microscopy, and the anatomical characteristics of leaf epidermis of seven species using simple light microscopy.In results, Anisomeles indica and Otostegia aucheri belong to subfamily Lamioideae because it has tricolpate pollen while the rest eight species belong to subfamily Nepetoideae (hexacolpate pollen). The exine sculpturing of pollen of studied species was found to be reticulate. In the family Lamiaceae, four kinds of stomata were found anomocytic, anisocytic, diacytic, and actinocytic, respectively. The cell wall patterns of epidermal cells were irregular or polygonal with straight or undulate walls. It was noted that the variety of the epidermal trichomes seems of taxonomically important for the identification of species of Lamiaceae. Both nonglandular and glandular trichomes were analyzed. The nonglandular trichomes were characterized with long, thin, and pointed apical unicellular cells. The nonglandular trichomes were A-shaped in Thymus linearis. In Perovskia abrotanoides, stellate glandular trichomes were observed whereas in A. indica and Mentha royleana both glandular and nonglandular trichomes were found. In A. indica, the nonglandular trichomes were sessile and peltate in M. royleana. For the first time in this study, pollen and foliar micromorphological features of selected species of this area are carried out. These taxonomic characters were found to be important in discrimination of species from each other.In future, the detailed study with comprehensive morphology coupled with other important characters is required for delimitation of taxa at various levels. K E Y W O R D Slight microscopy, microscopic anatomy, pollen microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, surface analysis

“…The SEM or micromorphological studies are very common in higher plants especially in Angiosperms (Ashfaq et al, ; Attar, Esfandani‐Bozchaloyi, Mirtadzadini, Ullah, & Zaman, ; David, Ain, Ahmad, Zaman, & Jahan, ; Gul et al, ; Gul et al, ; Kandemir, Çelik, Ullah, Shah, & Zaman, ; Saqib et al, ; Ullah et al, , Ullah et al, ; Ullah et al, 2018c; Ullah et al, ; Ullah et al, ; Ullah et al, ; Zaman et al, ; Zaman et al, ; Zeb et al, ; Esfandani‐Bozchaloyi & Zaman, ; Shinwari, Ahmad, Luo, & Zaman, ) and sometimes SEM is also used to describe the detail microscopic structures in pteridophytes (Shah, Ahamd, Zafar, & Zaman, ; Shah et al, ; Shah et al, ; Shah et al, ). In mosses and especially pleurocarps, the micromorphology of the sporophyte (peristome and spores) is mostly investigated (Beever, ; Fuertes, Acón, & Oliván, ; Lashin, ; Savaroglu, ; Savaroglu & Erkara, ; Shaw & Allen, ; Sorsa & Koponen, ; Vitt & Hamilton, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characterization of Hypnaceae (Bryopsida, Hypnales): Investigating four genera from Western Himalayas by using LM and SEM techniques

Khan

Zafar

et al. 2020

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The Hypnaceae is one of the largest and diversified family among the pleurocarpous mosses which consists of nearly 60 genera and 1,000 species around the world. In Pakistan, it is represented by 15 species and 8 genera. The current research article provides the detail morphological investigation of four different species (genera) of the family Hypnaceae that is, Gollania clarescens, Hypnum revolutum, Homomallium andoi, and Taxiphyllum taxirameum in the Western Himalayas, Pakistan. The research article reports the first SEM study of the leaf surfaces of the studied taxa, along with comprehensive morphological characters of the four species. The main objective of the research project is to present the comparative light and scanning electron microscopic study to discuss the morphology in detail because previously the family is just reported in different bryophyte checklists of the Western Himalayas. Based on results, morphological characters, micromorphological observations, qualitative and quantitative attributes, taxonomic keys for the studied taxa, distribution, and habitat are described. Stereoscope was used to analyze different qualitative characters, and light microscope was used to observe and measure the laminal and alar cells of the leaf. The SEM study reveals many important surface features like cell shape and cell wall. The laminal cells were mostly linear and elongated with thin cell walls. The specimens used for the SEM were air dried, so the laminal cells were somewhat constricted and concaved. The current study project will help to make the contribution in the taxonomy and morphology of this family. K E Y W O R D SHypnaceae, micromorphology, Pakistan, scanning electron microscope, Western Himalayas