Foliar nutritionin modern sunfl ower hybrid growing technologies
Abstract: The results of the study on foliar nutrition infl uence on the productivity of sunfl ower hybrids are presented in the article. The research was carried out in the period 2018–2019 in the conditions of the experimental fi eld of VNAU on the basis of NRF "Agronomichne," located in the village of Agronomichne, Vinnytsia region. The research studied two hybrids of sunfl ower mid-early ripenessgroup: Basfora and Sanai MR in the application of foliar nutrition microfourings Vanguard R Sunfl ower which was introduce… Show more
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Cited by 6 publications
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The Yield and Quality of Sunflower Seeds Depend on the Pre-Sowing Treatment of the Seeds and Extra-Root Nutrients
The article presents the results of two-year studies on the effect of different options of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with various combinations of bacterial, mycorrhizal preparations and growth stimulators based on humic substances, and foliar fertilizing with various combinations of growth stimulators and complex water-soluble fertilizers on seed yield, oil content and collection from 1 hectare of crops high oil sunflower hybrid Aurora AM. The research was conducted during 2022 and 2023 on the basis of LLC “Alliance Agro” located in the Pyryatinsky district of the Poltava region. The technology of sunflower cultivation, with the exception of the investigated issues, was generally accepted for the research area. The yield results showed a significant positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment. On average, by years and variants of foliar fertilizing, the highest yield of sunflower seeds was in the variant of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of Micofrend, BlackJack and “PMK-U” drugs – 2.66 tons/hectare, which is by 0.3 tons/hectare (12.7 %) is higher than on the control version. The advantage of this option in terms of seed yield was noted in the weather conditions of both years. In 2022 and 2023, it was 2.37 and 2.94 tons/hectare, respectively, which is 0.27 and 0.32 tons/hectare higher than in the NIR05 control – 0.06 and 0.09 tons/hectare. In general, according to the experiment, due to the optimization of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization, the yield of sunflower seeds on average in two years was increased by 0.45 tons/hectare or almost 20.0%, which indicates the need to pay more attention to pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding. The largest collection of oil in an average of two years – 1,417 tons/hectare was obtained in the variant of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of Micofrend, Blackjack and “PMK-U” and carrying out two foliar fertilizing with a mixture of the Blackjack growth stimulator with the formulations of the complex fertilizer Jiva MIX recommended for a specific period of plant growth. Compared to the control, the increase in the indicator was 0.271 tons/hectare or almost 24.0%. According to years of research, the highest oil collection from 1 hectare was also in this variant. In contrast to the seed yield, the oil collection in the variants of three foliar top dressings was somewhat lower than after two top dressings. This trend is associated with a decrease in the oil content in the seeds after the third foliar feeding, while the yield did not increase significantly. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of all drugs provided both the highest seed yield and the highest oil content in seeds, which is why its greater effect on oil collection from 1 hectare than on seed yield is associated with this. Thus, in this variant, compared to the control, the seed yield increased by 12.7% on average over the years and foliar fertilization, while the oil yield from 1 hectare increased by 16.2%. Like the seed yield, the oil yield from 1 hectare underwent greater changes under the influence of weather conditions, while their influence was somewhat less than that of the seed yield. Thus, the range of seed yield variation under the influence of weather conditions was 24.0% (2.25 tons/hectare in 2022 and 2.79 tons/hectare in 2023), and oil yield from 1 hectare was 19, 7% (1.166 tons/hectare in 2022 and 1.396 tons/hectare in 2023). A somewhat smaller influence of the weather conditions of the year on the collection of oil from 1 hectare is due to the lower content of oil in the seeds in the sunflower of 2023, which is more favorable for plants.
The Yield and Quality of Sunflower Seeds Depend on the Pre-Sowing Treatment of the Seeds and Extra-Root Nutrients
The article presents the results of two-year studies on the effect of different options of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with various combinations of bacterial, mycorrhizal preparations and growth stimulators based on humic substances, and foliar fertilizing with various combinations of growth stimulators and complex water-soluble fertilizers on seed yield, oil content and collection from 1 hectare of crops high oil sunflower hybrid Aurora AM. The research was conducted during 2022 and 2023 on the basis of LLC “Alliance Agro” located in the Pyryatinsky district of the Poltava region. The technology of sunflower cultivation, with the exception of the investigated issues, was generally accepted for the research area. The yield results showed a significant positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment. On average, by years and variants of foliar fertilizing, the highest yield of sunflower seeds was in the variant of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of Micofrend, BlackJack and “PMK-U” drugs – 2.66 tons/hectare, which is by 0.3 tons/hectare (12.7 %) is higher than on the control version. The advantage of this option in terms of seed yield was noted in the weather conditions of both years. In 2022 and 2023, it was 2.37 and 2.94 tons/hectare, respectively, which is 0.27 and 0.32 tons/hectare higher than in the NIR05 control – 0.06 and 0.09 tons/hectare. In general, according to the experiment, due to the optimization of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization, the yield of sunflower seeds on average in two years was increased by 0.45 tons/hectare or almost 20.0%, which indicates the need to pay more attention to pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding. The largest collection of oil in an average of two years – 1,417 tons/hectare was obtained in the variant of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of Micofrend, Blackjack and “PMK-U” and carrying out two foliar fertilizing with a mixture of the Blackjack growth stimulator with the formulations of the complex fertilizer Jiva MIX recommended for a specific period of plant growth. Compared to the control, the increase in the indicator was 0.271 tons/hectare or almost 24.0%. According to years of research, the highest oil collection from 1 hectare was also in this variant. In contrast to the seed yield, the oil collection in the variants of three foliar top dressings was somewhat lower than after two top dressings. This trend is associated with a decrease in the oil content in the seeds after the third foliar feeding, while the yield did not increase significantly. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of all drugs provided both the highest seed yield and the highest oil content in seeds, which is why its greater effect on oil collection from 1 hectare than on seed yield is associated with this. Thus, in this variant, compared to the control, the seed yield increased by 12.7% on average over the years and foliar fertilization, while the oil yield from 1 hectare increased by 16.2%. Like the seed yield, the oil yield from 1 hectare underwent greater changes under the influence of weather conditions, while their influence was somewhat less than that of the seed yield. Thus, the range of seed yield variation under the influence of weather conditions was 24.0% (2.25 tons/hectare in 2022 and 2.79 tons/hectare in 2023), and oil yield from 1 hectare was 19, 7% (1.166 tons/hectare in 2022 and 1.396 tons/hectare in 2023). A somewhat smaller influence of the weather conditions of the year on the collection of oil from 1 hectare is due to the lower content of oil in the seeds in the sunflower of 2023, which is more favorable for plants.
The article deals with the solution of significant scientific issues - increasing the yield of sunflower hybrids by optimizing the basic elements of cultivation technology. The research was conducted in the period of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 in the experimental field of VNAU on the basis of SRF “Agronomichne”, which is located in the village of Agronomichne, Vinnytsia region. Researches devoted to the effects of foliar fertilization invastigated two hybrids of sunflower of the middle-early maturity group: Bosphor and Sanai MR, the study of the impact of sowing dates and the system of basic tillage early-ripe Antey, medium-early NA sumo 2017 and medium-ripe Tutti. The soil in the experimental plot is gray forest medium loam. According to the results of measurements, the shift of sowing dates towards later years in the conditions of research caused a decrease in plant height (by 4.0-18.0 cm) of all studied forms, in comparison with the early sowing period. As for the location on the stem of the basket, mostly all plants they leaned down, except for plants of the hybrid Antey in late sowing and NA sumo 2017 - in the second, in which the baskets were located at an angle of 45oC to the soil surface. During the harvest in all variants, the seeds from the baskets were threshed very well. The largest diameter of the basket was formed in hybrids Antey, NS sumo 2017 and Tutti for sowing in the second term (April 29 - May 5 at a soil temperature of + 10-12 ° C) and was, respectively, 16.4; 16.3 and 16.5 cm. In the hybrid NS sumo 2017 this figure was almost the same for both the first and second sowing dates - 16.3 and 16.2 cm. The weight of 1000 grains and the weight of seeds from one basket was the largest (39.6- 53.5 g) in all studied hybrids during the first sowing period. However, the number of seeds in the basket varied over time depending on the hybrid. Thus, the largest number of seeds in the basket was in the hybrid Antey for sowing in the second term – 1255 pcs., Hybrid NS sumo 2017 – in the third term (1593 pcs.) And hybrid Tutti - for sowing in the first term (1257 pcs.). The highest yield of hybrids Antey, NS sumo 2017, Tutti was obtained for sowing in the early period (April 18-22) – respectively 3.54 t / ha, 3.31 t / ha, 3.50 t / ha. Implementation of foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Avangard R Sunflower in the phase of 6-8 pairs of sunflower leaves promotes productivity in the hybrid Bosphorus – 3.08 and Sanai MR - 2.99 t / ha, which is 12.43 and 11.17% more than in the control. The highest yield was established, on average for two years, was for board tillage - early-maturing hybrid Antey – 2.72 t / ha, medium-early sumo 2017 - 2.79 t / ha and medium-ripe Tutti – 3.05 t / ha, which by 0.32 t / ha, 0.19 and 0.24 t / ha, respectively, exceeded the yield of the experiment with surface treatment. With flat cultivation, the yield of sunflower hybrids averaged over two years - early ripening Antey - 2.58 t / ha, medium-early sumo 2017 - 2.63 t / ha and medium-ripe Tutti - 2.87 t / ha. Concerning the oil content depending on the sowing date, it should be noted that the highest oil content was observed in the studied hybrids Antey (49.3%) and Tutti (50.3%) when using the second sowing period April 29 – May 5 -12 ° C)), and in the hybrid NS sumo 2017 the highest oil content was observed when applying the early sowing period (I - April 18-22 (+ 6-8 ° C) - 50.2%. Seed husk was the highest in the hybrid Tutti - 22.05-23.25%, the smallest in the precocious hybrid Antey - 20.55-21.65%, and the smallest in the hybrid NS sumo 2017 - 20.50-21.65%. Sowing dates did not significantly affect the seed husk by years of research in all hybrids.
The article covers an experimental field study of scientific issues - increasing the yield of sunflower seeds by optimizing the basic elements of cultivation technology. The research was carried out in the period 2020-2021 in the research field of VNAU on the basis of NDG "Agronomichnenske", which is located in the village of Agronomichne Vinnytsia region. Two hybrids of early-ripening sunflower maturity Integral and Slavson were studied in the studies of row spacing and sowing density. To achieve this goal used field, laboratory, statistical and computational methods. The quality of the harvest and its structure, the efficiency of the use of environmental resources were determined by the laboratory method. The reliability of the obtained research results was assessed by a statistical method. The economic efficiency of the studied elements of the technology was determined by the calculation-comparative method. It was found that when sowing sunflowers with a row spacing of 45 cm, the growing season of the hybrid Integral is 108 days, and the hybrid Slavson - 95 days. With a row spacing of 70 cm, the vegetation of plants of both hybrids is reduced by 2-6 days. It was observed that with the thickening of crops from 50 to 90 thousand / ha, the plant height of the hybrid Slavson increases from 179.1 to 190.4 cm, and the hybrid Integral from 184.1 to 196.9 cm. Larger weight of 1000 seeds was provided by the early-ripening hybrid Integral with a row spacing of 70 cm and a sowing density of 50 thousand plants / ha - 72.6 g, and the lowest value of this indicator was at a density of 90 thousand plants / ha - 56.1 g. Sunflower yield depends on structural elements such as number of inflorescences per unit area, number of seeds per inflorescence, average weight or weight of 1000 seeds, and seed quality is mainly determined by fat and protein content. We state that the optimal sowing density of hybrids Integral Slavson and for sowing with a row spacing of 45 and 70 cm was - 70 thousand / ha. Higher seed yield for sowing 70 cm was provided by the hybrid Integral - 2.72 t / ha.
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