Foliar Penetration of Herbicides: Review and Present Status

Currier, H. B.; Dybing, C. Dean

doi:10.2307/4040221

Cited by 135 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen ion concentration influences the biological activity of weak organic acid type plant growth regulators (4,10,16,20). Dolk and Thimann (6) showed that plant response to IAA was greater at low than at high pH, and Albaum et al (1) demonstrated that IAA penetration into Nitella cells was greater at pH 4 than at pH 7. Subsequent work has confirmed these early observations (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At pH values lower than the pK (4.2 for naphthaleneacetic acid), the molecule was primarily undissociated, lipophilic, and penetrated into the cuticle; whereas, at pH values above the pK naphthaleneacetic acid was ionized, hydrophilic, and penetrated the cuticle with difficulty or not at all. Data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that naphthaleneacetic acid and naphthaleneacetamide penetration through the cuticle takes place by diffusion.Hydrogen ion concentration influences the biological activity of weak organic acid type plant growth regulators (4,10,16,20). Dolk and Thimann (6) showed that plant response to IAA was greater at low than at high pH, and Albaum et al…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of pH on Penetration of Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Naphthaleneacetamide Through Isolated Pear Leaf Cuticle

Norris

Bukovac

1972

Plant Physiol.

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Penetration of naphthaleneacetic acid through enzymatically isolated upper pear (Pyrus communis L. cv. Bartlett) leaf cuticle increased as the donor pH was decreased. Naphthaleneacetamide penetration was not influenced by donor pH. The effect of pH on naphthaleneacetic acid penetration was reversible. Higher receiver (simulated leaf interior) pH favored penetration of naphthaleneacetic acid. Changes in the degree of dissociation, and hence polarity, as controlled by hydrogen ion concentration was the prime factor in the response of naphthaleneacetic acid to pH. At pH values lower than the pK (4.2 for naphthaleneacetic acid), the molecule was primarily undissociated, lipophilic, and penetrated into the cuticle; whereas, at pH values above the pK naphthaleneacetic acid was ionized, hydrophilic, and penetrated the cuticle with difficulty or not at all. Data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that naphthaleneacetic acid and naphthaleneacetamide penetration through the cuticle takes place by diffusion.Hydrogen ion concentration influences the biological activity of weak organic acid type plant growth regulators (4,10,16,20). Dolk and Thimann (6) showed that plant response to IAA was greater at low than at high pH, and Albaum et al.(1) demonstrated that IAA penetration into Nitella cells was greater at pH 4 than at pH 7. Subsequent work has confirmed these early observations (22). Similar responses to pH have been reported for 2, 4-D (3, 9, 17, 19, 21). The effect of pH has been explained on the basis that at pH values below the pK undissociated molecules predominate and penetrate rapidly, whereas at high pH values most molecules are dissociated, and the dissociated ion penetrates with difficulty (3,17,18,20 MATERIALS AND METHODSCuticle Isolation and Penetration Assay. The astomatous cuticular membrane from the upper surface of pear (Pyrus communis L. cv. Bartlett) leaves was isolated enzymatically using 2.0% pectinase and 0.1% cellulase buffered at pH 3.8 as previously described (11). Discs of isolated cuticle were fixed to the end of a glass tube with buffered radioactive donor solution inside and with water or buffer on the outside as a receiver. Samples were withdrawn from the receiver, and the amount of radioactivity penetrated was determined using a Tracerlab thin end window gas flow counter. A detailed description is available elsewhere (12). Naphthaleneacetic-1-"C (NAA-'4C) acid and naphthaleneacetamide-1-"4C (NAAm-14C) were used at 0.5 mM, 1.0 mc/mmole. Purity of the labeled auxins was confirmed by thin layer chromatography. Buffers were prepared according to Goromi (8); citrate-phosphate or acetic acid-sodium acetate were employed unless otherwise noted. Throughout this work, donor refers to the initial NAA-4C (or NAAm-"'C) solution from which penetration occurred, and receiver to the solution into which penetration took place during the course of the experiment. All data are presented as nmoles of chemical penetrated over a period of 48 hr.Sorption Determination. Sorption was determined ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of pH on Penetration of Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Naphthaleneacetamide Through Isolated Pear Leaf Cuticle

Norris

Bukovac

1972

Plant Physiol.

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“…dlirect measurements of the permeability properties of cuticular membranes are limited aandl qualitative (1,5 ). Froml clirect miieasuremleints oin isolated cuiticle Skoss (9 ) has reported that Eniglish ivy leaf cuticle is relativelv illmpermleable to w ater, aandl that lemloni leaf cuticle is impermeable to the sodiunm salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, to the ammiioolniunm salt of dIinitro-o-sec-but lplleinol.…”

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confidence: 99%

Permeability of Apricot Leaf Cuticle

Darlington

Cirulis

1963

Plant Physiol.

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Altlhoughl cutimize(d tissue in some forlmi is the first harrier to the entrv of chemicals into plants, dlirect measurements of the permeability properties of cuticular membranes are limited aandl qualitative (1, 5 ). Froml clirect miieasuremleints oin isolated cuiticle Skoss (9 ) has reported that Eniglish ivy leaf cuticle is relativelv illmpermleable to w ater, aandl that lemloni leaf cuticle is impermeable to the sodiunm salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, to the ammiioolniunm salt of dIinitro-o-sec-but lplleinol. andl to silver and chloriOle ionls. Similarly Orgell (7 )

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“…Currier and Dybing (1959) postulated several mechanisms by which surfactant might alter the effectiveness of applied herbicides. Among these are effects on spray retention and penetration of plant surfaces.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant effects on cell permeability of Beta vulgaris L root tissue

Millaway

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Foliar Penetration of Herbicides: Review and Present Status

Cited by 135 publications

References 108 publications

Effect of pH on Penetration of Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Naphthaleneacetamide Through Isolated Pear Leaf Cuticle

Effect of pH on Penetration of Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Naphthaleneacetamide Through Isolated Pear Leaf Cuticle

Permeability of Apricot Leaf Cuticle

Surfactant effects on cell permeability of Beta vulgaris L root tissue

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