Follicular Dendritic Cells and Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1—A Crucial Target Cell and Virus Reservoir

Schuurman, Henk‐Jan; Joling, Piet; Wichen, D.F. van; Rademakers, L. H. P. M.; Broekhuizen, Roel; Weger, R. A. De; Tweel, Jan G. van den; Goudsmit, Jaap

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79603-6_10

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…However, the data concerning infection of FDCs with HIV are conflicting, with some reports showing no infection of FDCs and other reports showing infection in at most a low percentage of FDCs (reviewed in Ref. 62). Nevertheless, elimination of these few HIV-infected FDCs by CTLs may contribute to a gradual destruction of the complete FDC network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Relative Resistance of HIV Type 1-Infected Chimpanzees to AIDS Correlates with the Maintenance of Follicular Architecture and the Absence of Infiltration by CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Koopman

Haaksma²,

Velden³

et al. 1999

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Lymphoid tissues are the focus of critical events in HIV pathogenesis. Persistent and high levels of virus production, extensive trapping of virus particles in germinal centers, and progressive degenerative changes in lymph node architecture are characteristics of progressive HIV-1 infection. Infiltrates of granzyme B- and TIA-expressing CD8+ "cytotoxic" T lymphocytes (CTLs) precede involution of germinal centers in humans who develop AIDS. Similar to humans, HIV-1 infection in chimpanzees is active and persistent. However, in contrast to humans, they remain relatively resistant to AIDS. Lymph node biopsies from chimpanzees infected with HIV-1 or a related chimpanzee lentivirus were studied for the level and pattern of virus expression, changes in lymphoid architecture, CD8+ T cell infiltrates and the presence or absence of CTL markers. In stark contrast to HIV-1-infected humans, lymph nodes from infected chimpanzees had little virus deposition in germinal centers and a paucity of virus-expressing cells. Although some of the lymph nodes examined from infected animals had moderate follicular hyperplasia with infiltrating CD8+ T cells, none had evidence of follicular fragmentation. Most importantly, in marked contrast to infected humans, CD8+ T cells infiltrating the germinal center were negative for the CTL marker granzyme B. This evidence suggests that the infiltration of CD8+ CTLs into the germinal centers of lymph nodes may be a key determinant in AIDS pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Relative Resistance of HIV Type 1-Infected Chimpanzees to AIDS Correlates with the Maintenance of Follicular Architecture and the Absence of Infiltration by CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Koopman

Haaksma²,

Velden³

et al. 1999

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…Furthermore, the diffuse hybridization signal characteristic of follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-trapped, immune-complexed virions [65,66] was detected in lymphoid germinal centers of the 3 chimpanzees with the highest virus loads. The persistent association of virions with FDCs in lymphoid germinal centers is thought to be crucial to HIV immunopathogenesis, facilitating new infections of activated CD4 ϩ T cells and precipitating dendritic cell loss and subsequent follicular fragmentation and dissolution [4,5,7,[109][110][111] . We found no evidence of HIV-1 RNA in lymphoid tissues from nonprogressor chimpanzees, in agreement with previous studies investigating tissue virus burden during apathogenic HIV-1 infection in this species [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Infection in a Subset of HIV‐1–Positive Chimpanzees

O’Neil

Novembre

Hill³

et al. 2000

J INFECT DIS

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Chimpanzees are susceptible to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1; however, infected animals usually maintain normal numbers of CD4(+) T lymphocytes and do not develop immunodeficiency. We have examined 10 chronically infected HIV-1-positive chimpanzees for evidence of progressive infection. In addition to 1 animal that developed AIDS, 3 chimpanzees exhibit evidence of progressive HIV infection. All progressors have low CD4(+) T cell counts (<200 cells/microL), severe CD4:CD8 inversion, and marked reduction in interleukin-2 receptor expression by CD4(+) T cells. In comparison with HIV-positive nonprogressor chimpanzees, progressors have higher plasma and lymphoid virus loads, greater CD38 expression in CD8(+)/HLA-DR(+) T cells, and greater serum concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor type II receptors and beta2-microglobulin, all markers of HIV progression in humans. These observations show that progressive HIV-1 infection can occur in chimpanzees and suggest that the pathogenesis of progressive infection in this species resembles that in humans.

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“…These features suggest that FDCs may play some pivotal roles in the germinal center (GC) reaction in which the major cellular events of anamnestic humoral immune responses are believed to take place. In addition, these particular cells have been perceived as being among the major participants involved in the pathogenesis of certain infectious diseases, such as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), two of the most topical medical and social subjects (Heath et al 1995; Schuurman et al 1995; Bruce et al 2000; Manuelidis et al 2000; Smith et al 2001). However, especially in human systems, the immunophysiological kinetics, developmental processes (including their cellular origin), morphological and functional transformation, terminal fate, and pathological behavior of FDCs are still quite obscure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Recognition of Human Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDCs) in Routinely Processed Paraffin Sections

Maeda

Matsuda

Suzuki

et al. 2002

J Histochem Cytochem.

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A number of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize human follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) have been identified. Although some of them have already been applied individually in routine immunolabeling using formalin-fixed paraffin sections for diagnostic and experimental purposes, many antibodies are still employed only for immunolabeling using cryostat sections or particularly processed sections because they have been thought unsuitable for routine sections. A comprehensive examination re-evaluating their suitability in paraffin sections has not been reported. Accordingly, there is limited ability to examine the immunopathological contribution or diagnostic value of FDCs using routinely processed specimens or archived materials. In this study a broad panel of antibodies was systematically applied to the immunolabeling of paraffin sections of reactive tonsils or lymph nodes, in combination with advanced antigen retrieval (AR) techniques. Several antibodies, including Ki-M4p, X-11, 12B1, CNA.42, 1F8/BU32 (anti-CD21), BU38/1B12 (anti-CD23), Ber-MAC-DRC/To5 (anti-CD35), 1.4C3 (anti-CD106), NGFR5 (anti-nerve growth factor receptor p75), IIH6 (anti-CD55), 55K-2 (anti-fascin), and anti-S100 protein alpha-chain, were found to label FDCs in routine sections when combined with suitable AR techniques. Our results are easily adaptable for routine practice and provided useful suggestions concerning the immunopathological behavior and diversity of the particular cells.

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Follicular Dendritic Cells and Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1—A Crucial Target Cell and Virus Reservoir

Cited by 6 publications

References 108 publications

The Relative Resistance of HIV Type 1-Infected Chimpanzees to AIDS Correlates with the Maintenance of Follicular Architecture and the Absence of Infiltration by CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

The Relative Resistance of HIV Type 1-Infected Chimpanzees to AIDS Correlates with the Maintenance of Follicular Architecture and the Absence of Infiltration by CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Progressive Infection in a Subset of HIV‐1–Positive Chimpanzees

Immunohistochemical Recognition of Human Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDCs) in Routinely Processed Paraffin Sections

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