Follow-Up of Multi-Organ Dysfunction and Inflammation Using Biomarker Kinetics in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Disease and Association with Disease Outcomes: Results from a Referral Center Cohort in the North East of France

Long-term ACE Inhibitor/ARB Use Is Associated With Severe Renal Dysfunction and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Severe COVID-19: Results From a Referral Center Cohort in the Northeast of France

“…ACE and ACE2 have differential expression patterns in the human body. ACE is mainly expressed in the lungs, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels, whereas ACE2 is mainly expressed in the lungs, liver, spleen, brain, intestine, heart with the highest expression in kidney, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems [ 3 , 29 , 31–33 ]. ACE- and ACE2-related signaling pathways have balanced effects on maintaining RAAS homeostasis [ 29 ].…”

“…A novel human coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in China in December 2019 [ 1 ]. COVID-19 can induce pulmonary and systemic inflammation and subsequent acute respiratory failure and multi-organ dysfunction [ 2 , 3 ]. It has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 infects the cells through its binding to the membrane-bound form of receptor-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and subsequent internalization of the complex by the host cell [ 1 , 3–6 ].…”

“…COVID-19 can induce pulmonary and systemic inflammation and subsequent acute respiratory failure and multi-organ dysfunction [ 2 , 3 ]. It has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 infects the cells through its binding to the membrane-bound form of receptor-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and subsequent internalization of the complex by the host cell [ 1 , 3–6 ]. From a functional point of view, ACE2 represents a key enzymatic component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) [ 4 , 7 ].…”

“…A retrospective longitudinal cohort study on patients admitted for severe COVID-19 in a tertiary referral university hospital in France used a big-data approach and multilevel modeling adapted for repeated measures to screen the dynamic evolution of 59 biochemical markers during the hospital stay [ 3 ]. Using data from this same cohort, derived from the Nancy Biochemical Database (see Supplementary Material) [ 3 , 18 ], we assessed the association between chronic ACEI/ARB use and the occurrence of kidney, lung, heart, and liver dysfunctions and inflammation as evaluated by biomarker kinetics in patients with severe COVID-19.…”

Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: The Chinese Experience

“…Recently published studies on COVID-19 worldwide reported AKI rates in hospitalized patients of 17.9-72.7% in Italy 29,30 , 9.2-18.3% in Korea 31,32 , 19.7-69.2% in Spain 33,34 , 5.8-56.9% in USA 35,36 , 52.2-74.6% in Germany 37,38 , and 4.7-64.1% in France and Belgium 39,40 , which are much higher than the rates in China. The difference may be explained by the fact that only very sick COVID-19 patients were admitted to hospitals in those countries compared to the admission of less sick patients in China.…”