Follow-Up of Thyroid Function in Children With Neonatal Hyperthyroidism

Pyrżak, Beata; Rumińska, Małgorzata; Witkowska–Sędek, Ewelina; Kucharská, Anna

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.877119

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The presence of TRAbs in these situations requires an exhaustive evaluation of hyperthyroidism in the fetus (throughout gestation) and in the neonate. In the latter, evaluation of complete thyroid tests and TRAbs should be performed at birth from the blood of the umbilical cord and, sequentially, until seven days postpartum (the time by which the transplacental passage of ATDs has disappeared) [ 130 , 131 ].…”

Section: Clinical Utility Of Thyroid Abs In Aitdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

et al. 2023

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Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) refers to a spectrum of various diseases, with two extremes of clinical presentation, hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and hyperthyroidism (Graves–Basedow disease (GBD)). Both conditions are characterized by presenting a cellular and humoral autoimmune reaction, with an increase in the synthesis and secretion of antibodies directed toward various thyroid antigens, together with a phenomenon of thyrocyte necrosis and apoptosis (in HT) and a persistent thyrotropin-receptor stimulation (in GBD). The diagnosis of both entities is based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. Three major anti-thyroid antibodies have been described, those directed against the TSH receptor (TRAb), against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), and against thyroglobulin (TgAb). Each of these autoantibodies plays a fundamental role in the diagnostic approach of autoimmune thyroid disease. TRAbs are the hallmark of GBD, and additionally, they are predictors of response to disease treatment, among other utilities. Likewise, TPOAb and TgAb allow for identifying individuals with a higher risk of progression to hypothyroidism; the positivity of one or both autoantibodies defines the presence of thyroid autoimmunity. In this review, the usefulness of anti-thyroid antibodies in the diagnostic approach to autoimmune thyroid disease is described.

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Section: Clinical Utility Of Thyroid Abs In Aitdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

et al. 2023

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“…The time of onset and severity of symptoms of hyperthyroidism are variable. Neonates born to mothers who had high TRAb levels (more than three times the upper normal value) and who were not treated with ATDs can exhibit overt hyperthyroidism at birth, while neonates born to mothers treated with ATDs or neonates who receive maternal thyroid receptor blocking antibodies may have normal thyroid function or present with hypothyroidism at birth [69,70]. Some neonates of mothers with GD on antithyroid medication may be born with the features of hypothyroidism and later after about 2-5 days of life may show signs of hyperthyroidism following subsequent metabolism and excretion of maternal ATDs from their circulation [71].…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Neonatal Hyperthyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Hyperthyroidism on Fertility, Maternal, Foetal and Perinatal Outcomes in the Era of Iodine Fortification

Gubu-Ntaba¹,

Mpumlwana²,

Sotobe-Mbana³

et al. 2023

Hyperthyroidism - Recent Updates

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Graves’ disease and nodular toxic thyroid disease are the leading causes of hyperthyroidism. Iodine fortification (IF) among mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency populations is associated with transient increase in incident thyrotoxic nodular disease that may last up to 10 years. A rise in incident Graves’ disease and other autoimmune thyroid conditions has also been associated with IF. Epidemiological studies from different geographical settings around the globe suggest increased incidence even among reproductive age groups in affected populations. Recurrent iodine deficiency in iodine replete populations in developed countries may also predispose them to a similar phenomenon. The prevalence and consequences of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy may be higher than previously reported. We intend to describe the aetiopathology and epidemiology of hyperthyroidism, the mechanisms through which hyperthyroidism predisposes to infertility; the impact of hyperthyroidism on fertility treatment, pregnancy in general and among women with infertility; as well as the effects of hyperthyroidism or agents used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism on perinatal outcomes and adult life for those exposed in utero.

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“…Additionally, there have been studies on gene sets, such as the age-related HLADRB1*03 allele in the Polish population ( 30 ) and gene sets significantly associated with early-onset hyperthyroidism, including BTNL2, NOTCH4, TNFAIP3, and CXCR4 ( 31 ). Other recent studies on pediatric hyperthyroidism have focused on prevention ( 32 , 33 ) and treatment options ( 34 – 39 ), as well as research on related clinical symptoms ( 40 , 41 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional enrichment analysis of mutated genes in children with hyperthyroidism

Mao,

Tang,

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveHyperthyroidism in Chinese children is relatively high and has been increasing in recent years, which has a significant impact on their healthy development. Hyperthyroidism is a polygenic disorder that presents greater challenges in terms of prediction and treatment than monogenic diseases. This study aims to elucidate the associated functions and gene sets of mutated genes in children with hyperthyroidism in terms of the gene ontology through GO enrichment analysis and in terms of biological signaling pathways through KEGG enrichment analysis, thereby enhancing our understanding of the expected effects of multiple mutated genes on hyperthyroidism in children.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing was performed on the DNA samples of children with hyperthyroidism. Screening for pathogenic genes related to hyperthyroidism in affected children was performed using the publicly available disease databases Malacards, MutationView, and Clinvar, and the functions and influences of the identified pathogenic genes were analyzed using statistical analysis and the gene enrichment approach.ResultsThrough GO enrichment analysis, it was found that the most significant gene ontology enrichment was the function “hormone activity” in terms of gene ontology molecular function. The corresponding mutated genes set that has common effects on hyperthyroidism in children included TG, CALCA, POMC, CGA, PTH, GHRL, FBN1, TRH, PRL, LEP, ADIPOQ, INS, GH1. The second most significant gene ontology enrichment was the function “response to peptide hormone” in terms of biological process. The corresponding mutated genes set that has common effects on hyperthyroidism in children included LRP6, TSC2, KANK1, COL1A1, CDKN1B, POMC, STAT1, MEN1, APC, GHRL, TSHR, GJB2, FBN1, GPT, LEP, ADIPOQ, INS, GH1. Through KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found that the most significant biological signaling pathway enrichment was the pathway “Thyroid hormone signaling pathway” function. The corresponding mutated genes set that has common effects on hyperthyroidism in children included NOTCH3, MYH7, TSC2, STAT1, MED13L, MAP2K2, SLCO1C1, SLC16A2, and THRB. The second most significant biological signaling pathway enrichment was the pathway “Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” in terms of biological process. The corresponding mutated genes set that has common effects on hyperthyroidism in children included IGF1, CACNA1S, MYH7, IL6, TTN, CACNB2, LAMA2, and DMD.ConclusionThe mutated genes in children with hyperthyroidism were closely linked to function involved in “hormone activity” and “response to peptide hormone” in terms of the biological signaling pathway, and to the functional pathways involved in “Thyroid hormone signaling pathway” and “Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” in terms of the biological signaling pathway.

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Follow-Up of Thyroid Function in Children With Neonatal Hyperthyroidism

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

The Impact of Hyperthyroidism on Fertility, Maternal, Foetal and Perinatal Outcomes in the Era of Iodine Fortification

Functional enrichment analysis of mutated genes in children with hyperthyroidism

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