Food Addiction

Ahmed, Serge H.; Avena, Nicole M.; Berridge, Kent; Gearhardt, Ashley N.; Guillem, Karine

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1997-6_110

Cited by 58 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Rats have been shown to self-administer most addictive drugs, including cocaine [54], and to develop most of the behavioral signs of addiction after prolonged drug self-administration [55]. More relevant to the preset review, under certain circumstances, sugar and sweet reward can substitute to cocaine, thereby decreasing cocaine self-administration [11]. In fact, many important discoveries about the neurobiology of reward and motivation have been and are still made using sugar and sweetness as a reward or incentive [2].…”

Section: When Sugar and Sweet Reward Surpasses Cocaine Rewardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar addiction

Ahmed

Guillem

Vandaele

2013

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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116

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Section: When Sugar and Sweet Reward Surpasses Cocaine Rewardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar addiction

Ahmed

Guillem

Vandaele

2013

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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116

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“…Food addiction reflects the theory that some individuals may experience an addictive‐like response to foods high in fat and/or refined carbohydrates like sugar, akin to a substance‐use disorder (Ahmed, Avena, Berridge, Gearhardt, & Guillem, ; Davis et al, ; Gearhardt, Davis, Kuschner, & Brownell, ). In support, studies in animals and humans have demonstrated biobehavioural indicators of addiction in response to foods high in fat and/or refined carbohydrates (Avena, Rada, & Hoebel, ; Gearhardt, Yokum, et al, ; Johnson & Kenny, ; Oswald, Murdaugh, King, & Boggiano, ; M. J. Robinson et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Food Addiction in a Sample Recruited to Be Nationally Representative of the United States

Schulte

Gearhardt

2017

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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The current study investigated the prevalence of food addiction and its associations with obesity and demographic factors in a sample recruited to be more nationally representative of the United States than previous research. Individuals (n = 1050) were recruited through Qualtrics' qBus, which sets demographic quotas developed using the United States census reference population. Participants (n = 986) self-reported food addiction, measured by the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, height, weight, age, gender, race and income. Food addiction was observed in 15% of participants, with greater prevalence in individuals who were younger, Hispanic and/or reported higher annual income. Food addiction prevalence was higher in persons who were underweight or obese, relative to normal weight or overweight. Food addiction was associated with higher body mass index in women and persons who were older, White and/or reported lower income. Identifying the scope of food addiction and individual risk groups may inform public policy initiatives and early intervention efforts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

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“…(17)], which again requires an appeal to evolutionary novelty, in this case the novelty of access to relatively unconstrained quantities of sugar [e.g., Ref. (18)].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Human Recreational Use of ‘pesticides’: The Neurotoxin Regulation Model of Substance Use vs. the Hijack Model and Implications for Age and Sex Differences in Drug Consumption

2013

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Most globally popular drugs are plant neurotoxins or their close chemical analogs. These compounds evolved to deter, not reward or reinforce, consumption. Moreover, they reliably activate virtually all toxin defense mechanisms, and are thus correctly identified by human neurophysiology as toxins. Acute drug toxicity must therefore play a more central role in drug use theory. We accordingly challenge the popular idea that the rewarding and reinforcing properties of drugs “hijack” the brain, and propose instead that the brain evolved to carefully regulate neurotoxin consumption to minimize fitness costs and maximize fitness benefits. This perspective provides a compelling explanation for the dramatic changes in substance use that occur during the transition from childhood to adulthood, and for pervasive sex differences in substance use: because nicotine and many other plant neurotoxins are teratogenic, children, and to a lesser extent women of childbearing age, evolved to avoid ingesting them. However, during the course of human evolution many adolescents and adults reaped net benefits from regulated intake of plant neurotoxins.

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Food Addiction

Cited by 58 publications

References 24 publications

Sugar addiction

Sugar addiction

Associations of Food Addiction in a Sample Recruited to Be Nationally Representative of the United States

Explaining Human Recreational Use of ‘pesticides’: The Neurotoxin Regulation Model of Substance Use vs. the Hijack Model and Implications for Age and Sex Differences in Drug Consumption

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