A comprehensive overview and critique of the nutrition labeling literature is provided. Studies examining the design and features of label formats and their impact on consumers being better informed and engaging in healthier behaviors are examined to summarize available knowledge in the field. The review suggests that while the extant literature has provided worthwhile critiques of the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act in terms of meeting its stated goals, as well as other general insights, it allows only for very tentative and conditional statements about factors related to the "bottom line" effectiveness of nutritional labeling. The outcome of the review suggests that a more holistic view of nutritional labeling is needed. Suggestions for future research that focus on both conceptualizations of the studies as well as methodology are made.Sophie Hieke (Sophie.Hieke@eufic.org) is the Consumer Insights SPRING 2012 VOLUME 46, NUMBER 1 121 to identify moderators, such as research design, sample characteristics and time periods (Franke 2001). More than 30 years of empirical research on nutrition labeling, label characteristics, and effects of personal and sociodemographic factors on label usage have been identified and synthesized in this study.The review procedure was initiated in spring 2009, with updates occurring throughout 2010, following suggestions by Franke (2001), Rosenthal (1995) and Hunter and Schmidt (1990). For the purpose of identifying relevant articles, the authors first carried out a general keyword search in the EBSCO databases examining the extant literature. The list of articles was iteratively supplemented as the analysis continued.