Food Applications of Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid

Tanimoto, Hirotoshi

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12453-2_8

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These lower levels in the PGA group may be related to the lower amounts of visceral fat in this group. γ-PGA is resistant to the digestive enzymes of the gut (Tanimoto, 2010). γ-PGA is water-soluble, and its solution is viscous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of γ-Polyglutamic Acid on the Cecal Microbiota and Visceral Fat in KK-A<sup>y</sup>/TaJcl Male Mice

Tamura

Hoshi

Kimura

et al. 2018

FSTR

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Natto is a major functional food in Japan. γ-Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is one of the main components of Natto, and beneficial effects of γ-PGA have been reported. We tested the hypothesis that γ-PGA alleviates metabolic syndrome in KK-A y /TaJcl male mice. These mice were fed a diet containing 0.5% of γ-PGA or a control diet for 28 days. Visceral fat was significantly smaller in the PGA group than in the CON group. The amounts of lipids in feces (dry weight) sampled on the final day of the experiment and cecal Lactobacillus counts were significantly greater in the PGA group than in the CON group. Cecal Prevotella counts tended to be higher in the PGA group. These results suggest that dietary γ-PGA affects the cecal microbiota and ameliorates accumulation of visceral fat in the KK-A y / TaJcl mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of γ-Polyglutamic Acid on the Cecal Microbiota and Visceral Fat in KK-A<sup>y</sup>/TaJcl Male Mice

Tamura

Hoshi

Kimura

et al. 2018

FSTR

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“…γ-PGA, also known as natrium gum, is an anionic polymer prepared from d -glutamic acid or l -glutamic acid, bonded by α-amino and γ-carboxyl groups, forming γ-amide bonds. γ-PGA exhibits good biocompatibility and good water solubility and is also degradable, edible, non-toxic, and moisturizing ( 24 ). Its conjugation and moisturizing properties have made it a promising biopolymer for versatile uses in the food industry, cosmetics, wastewater treatment, and biomedical product applications ( 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology, physicochemical properties, and microstructure of fish gelatin emulsion gel modified by γ-polyglutamic acid

Xie,

Sha,

Yuan

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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In this work, the effect of the addition of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on the rheology, physicochemical properties, and microstructure of fish gelatin (FG) emulsion gel was investigated. Samples of the emulsion gel were evaluated for rheological behavior and stability prior to gelation. The mechanical properties and water-holding capacity (WHC) of the emulsion were determined after gelation. The microstructure of the emulsion gel was further examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results indicated a gradual increase in the apparent viscosity and gelation temperature of the emulsion at a higher concentration of γ-PGA. Additionally, frequency scan results revealed that on the addition of γ-PGA, FG emulsion exhibited a stronger structure. The emulsion containing 0.1% γ-PGA exhibited higher stability than that of the control samples. The WHC and gel strength of the emulsion gel increased on increasing the γ-PGA concentration. CLSM images showed that the addition of γ-PGA modified the structure of the emulsion gel, and the droplets containing 0.1% γ-PGA were evenly distributed. Moreover, γ-PGA could regulate the droplet size of the FG emulsion and its size distribution. These findings suggest that the viscoelasticity and structure of FG emulsion gels could be regulated by adjusting the γ-PGA concentration. The γ-PGA-modified FG emulsion gel also exhibited improved rheology and physicochemical properties. The results showed that γ-PGA-modified FG emulsion gel may find potential applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, and other industries.

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“…It possesses the advantageous characteristics of being water-soluble, biodegradable, consumable, and non-toxic to humans and the environment [ 27 ]. Multiple studies have demonstrated the versatile applications of γ-PGA in various fields, such as food science, cosmetics, medicine, and agriculture [ 28 ]. The chemical structure of γ-PGA is composed of repeating units of L-glutamic acid, D-glutamic acid, or DL-glutamic acid [ 29 ], which are joined by amide connections between α-amino and γ-carboxylic acid groups [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Removal of Different Heavy Metals Ion (Cu, Pb, and Cd) from Aqueous Solutions by Various Molecular Weight and Salt Types of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid

Tsai,

Chang,

Wei

et al. 2024

Molecules

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In light of industrial developments, water pollution by heavy metals as hazardous chemicals has garnered attention. Addressing the urgent need for efficient heavy metal removal from aqueous environments, this study delves into using poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) for the bioflocculation of heavy metals. Utilizing γ-PGA variants from Bacillus subtilis with different molecular weights and salt forms (Na-bonded and Ca-bonded), the research evaluates their adsorption capacities for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) ions. It was found that Na-bonded γ-PGA with a high molecular weight showed the highest heavy metal adsorption (92.2–98.3%), particularly at a 0.5% concentration which exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency. Additionally, the study investigated the interaction of γ-PGA in mixed heavy metal environments, and it was discovered that Na-γ-PGA-HM at a 0.5% concentration showed a superior adsorption efficiency for Pb ions (85.4%), highlighting its selectivity as a potential effective biosorbent for wastewater treatment. This research not only enlightens the understanding of γ-PGA’s role in heavy metal remediation but also underscores its potential as a biodegradable and non-toxic alternative for environmental cleanup. The findings pave the way for further exploration into the mechanisms and kinetics of γ-PGA’s adsorption properties.

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Food Applications of Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of γ-Polyglutamic Acid on the Cecal Microbiota and Visceral Fat in KK-A<sup>y</sup>/TaJcl Male Mice

Effects of γ-Polyglutamic Acid on the Cecal Microbiota and Visceral Fat in KK-A<sup>y</sup>/TaJcl Male Mice

Rheology, physicochemical properties, and microstructure of fish gelatin emulsion gel modified by γ-polyglutamic acid

Effective Removal of Different Heavy Metals Ion (Cu, Pb, and Cd) from Aqueous Solutions by Various Molecular Weight and Salt Types of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid

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