Food-directed synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles and their neurotoxicity effects

Cerium oxide nanoparticles: green synthesis and biological applications

“…Therefore, honey was capable of coating and stabilizing cerium species and CeO 2 -NPs while inhibiting their excessive aggregation or crystal growth. 48 However, advancement of the EW-based method for CeO 2 -NP green synthesis is obvious due to nontoxic effects of CeO 2 -NPs at concentrations up to 800 μg/mL, compared with the safe concentration of ~25 μg/mL for honey-based CeO 2 -NPs. Therefore, the synthesis of CeO 2 -NPs in EW was found to be an excellent alternative for the preparation of CeO 2 -NPs, using food and bio-derived materials.…”

“…35,37 However, biopolymer-and nutrient-based methods have provided small NPs which show no cytotoxic effects to human cell lines at high concentrations of CeO 2 -NPs. 27,28,47,48,51 …”

“…Several studies widely reported different nutrients and natural materials, such as egg white (EW) protein and honey for CeO 2 -NPs green synthesis. 47, 48 Kargar et al 47 proposed that the two major proteins of EW, ovalbumin and lysozyme, acted as a green binders/stabilizing agents for the preparation of CeO 2 -NPs. The general mechanism for synthesizing CeO 2 -NPs in EW media includes formation of the electrostatic interaction between cerium cations (Ce 3+ ) and oppositely charged proteins which leads to controllable growth and subsequent isotropic formation of small and stable CeO 2 -NPs.…”

“…47,49 Some of the green methods of CeO 2 -NP preparation mimic the common traditional approaches in NP synthesis in a safe and eco-friendly way. 48 For example, honey-based synthesis of CeO 2 -NPs mimics the sol-gel method. The extensive number of carbohydrates, enzymes and vitamins containing hydroxyl and amine groups in the honey matrix structure can facilitate the complexation of ) to an initial molecular matrix.…”

Antimicrobial potential of green synthesized CeO₂ nanoparticles from <em>Olea europaea</em> leaf extract

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Its various applications such as acting as a catalyst; use in sensor, solid oxide fuel cells, and sunscreen cosmetics; and its O 2 storage capacity, role in CO 2 solar conversion, and antibacterial applications are due to its idiosyncratic ability to alter the oxidation states. [6][7][8][9][10] Ordinarily, CeO 2 NPs are fabricated by physical and chemical methods including hydrothermal, 11 flame spray pyrolysis, 12 thermal decomposition, 13 aqueous precipitation, 14 and coprecipitation technique. 15 In contrast, green synthesis of metallic oxide NPs offers several advantages such as cost-effectiveness, large-scale commercial production, and pharmaceutical applications.…”