Food entrainment of circadian gene expression altered in PPARα−/− brown fat and heart

Goh, Brian C.; Wu, Xiying; Evans, A.F.; Johnson, Meagan L.; Hill, Molly R.; Gimble, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.136

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, PPAR␣ plays a role in the entrainment by food of peripheral pacemakers. 47 These data indicate that the clock components and nuclear receptors integrate signals from both intermediary metabolism and the circadian clock to optimize fuel use or storage across the light/dark cycle.…”

Section: Circadian Control Of Energy Homeostasis Circadian Control Ofmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Nuclear Receptors Linking Circadian Rhythms and Cardiometabolic Control

Duez

Staels

2010

ATVB

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Abstract-Many behavioral and physiological processes, including locomotor activity, blood pressure, body temperature, sleep (fasting)/wake (feeding) cycles, and metabolic regulation display diurnal rhythms. Circadian Rhythms in PhysiologyCircadian rhythms are variations that occur with a period of approximately 1 day ("circa diem") and allow the organism to anticipate and optimize its metabolic, hormonal, and locomotor activity to predictable environmental daily changes. 1 In mammals, a central clock resides in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and synchronizes physiology to day/night cycles. In metabolic organs, output signals from the suprachiasmatic nuclei clock, conveyed by peripheral oscillators, are combined to additional circadian cues, such as food availability, information concerning local fuel availability, and the hormonal milieu to drive circadian rhythms in intermediary metabolites (eg, AMP/ATP or oxidized nicotinamide-adenosine dinucleotide (NAD ϩ )/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ratios) and enzymes involved in local physiology. Consequently, many metabolic functions, including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and hormone secretion follow circadian variations. 2 The circadian clock also synchronizes the cardiovascular system. The heart and vasculature have an autonomous circadian pacemaker to anticipate physiological demand in heart fuel use and contractile function. 3 For instance, blood pressure displays marked circadian variations, increasing in the morning and decreasing at night. Heart beat and blood flow, vascular tone, fibrinolytic activity, and endothelial function are all naturally subjected to diurnal variations. 4 Interestingly, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and ischemic stroke is highest early in the morning. Adverse Cardiometabolic Consequences of Altered Circadian Rhythms: Clinical EvidenceThe metabolic syndrome comprises a constellation of abnormalities, including dyslipidemia, high fasting blood glucose level, and hypertension. 5 It is precipitated by central obesity and increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications. In addition to genetic risk factors, numerous environmental factors (eg, increased food intake and physical inactivity) contribute to the etiology of the metabolic syndrome. Chronic circadian derangement, experienced by shift workers, also increases the risk of developing features of the metabolic syndrome (Figure 1). 6,7 Interestingly, in humans subjected to a progressive forced desynchrony, circadian misalignment increased blood glucose despite increased insulin, suggestive of decreased insulin sensitivity and increased blood pressure, with a maximal disturbance during maximal misalignment (ie, 180°phase shift). 8 A decrease in sleep duration and poor-quality sleep, although not circadian disorders per se, are often seen in nightshift workers, travelers, and patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep curtailment results in reduced glucose tolerance and

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Section: Circadian Control Of Energy Homeostasis Circadian Control Ofmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…68 PPAR␣ is also necessary for food entrainment of the clock in the mouse heart. 47 Altered cardiac fatty acid use and cardiac function may result from perturbed circadian PPAR␣ signaling.…”

Section: Clock Genes and Nuclear Receptors Control The Circadian Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Receptors Linking Circadian Rhythms and Cardiometabolic Control

Duez

Staels

2010

ATVB

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“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARa), a nuclear receptor family member, provides an example of coordination between circadian and metabolic processes (11). It has been shown that CLOCK/ BMAL1-mediated transcription of period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) is modulated by PPARa/RXRa, which suggests that there may be crosstalk between PPARa/RXRa-and CLOCK/ BMAL1-regulated systems and lipid metabolism (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLOCK genetic variation and metabolic syndrome risk: modulation by monounsaturated fatty acids

Garaulet

Lee

Shen

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

149

136

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“…Using a Per1::luciferase transgenic construct as a reporter, Stokkan et al [10] also demonstrated that changes in metabolic cycles can shift the phase of clock oscillation in the hepatic tissue, which persists even after the tissue is excised from the body. Furthermore, even in cardiovascular tissues, as well as in metabolic tissues, the timing of energy intake can affect the cyclic expression of clock genes [12][13][14], indicating that energy metabolism is an important modulator of clock function in cardiovascular tissues.…”

Section: Nuclear Receptors Link Circadian and Metabolic Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the phase of clock oscillation in metabolic tissues such as the liver and fat tissue is reset by alterations in the timing of energy intake [10,11]. Furthermore, even in cardiovascular tissues, including the heart and aorta, the molecular clock can sense temporal changes in energy metabolism [12][13][14]. This recognition has broadened our view of how the internal circadian system integrates multiple stimuli from the external world to organize physiological rhythms, including the 24-hour blood-pressure rhythm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of metabolic and cardiovascular diurnal rhythms by circadian clock

Kohsaka

Waki

Cui³

et al. 2012

Endocr J

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Abstract. Understanding how the 24-hour blood-pressure rhythm is programmed has been one of the most challenging questions in cardiovascular research. The 24-hour blood-pressure rhythm is primarily driven by the circadian clock system, in which the master circadian pacemaker within the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus is first entrained to the light/dark cycle and then transmits synchronizing signals to the peripheral clocks common to most tissues, including the heart and blood vessels. However, the circadian system is more complex than this basic hierarchical structure, as indicated by the discovery that peripheral clocks are either influenced to some degree or fully driven by temporal changes in energy homeostasis, independent of the light entrainment pathway. Through various comparative genomic approaches and through studies exploiting mouse genetics and transgenics, we now appreciate that cardiovascular tissues possess a large number of metabolic genes whose expression cycle and reciprocally affect the transcriptional control of major circadian clock genes. These findings indicate that metabolic cycles can directly or indirectly affect the diurnal rhythm of cardiovascular function. Here, we discuss a framework for understanding how the 24-hour blood-pressure rhythm is driven by the circadian system that integrates cardiovascular and metabolic function.Key words: Circadian clock, Cardiovascular diurnal rhythm, Metabolic cycle, Blood pressure Differences in sleeping and waking blood pressure have been recognized for over a century. At the end of the nineteenth century, Leonard Hill was perhaps the first to describe reductions in blood pressure during sleep in humans [1]. However, at the time, so little attention was paid to the underlying meaning of the 24-hour blood-pressure rhythm for the maintenance of human health that it was simply not easy to assess the time course of blood-pressure levels for 24 hours or longer. It would take nearly 60 years before the clinical importance of the 24-hour blood-pressure rhythm was highlighted, stimulated in large part by the development of an instrument to determine the diurnal profile of blood pressure in humans [2][3][4]. The technical advances in monitoring temporal blood pressure levels provided opportunities to explore the correlation between end-organ damage and abnormal diurnal bloodpressure rhythms in hypertensive subjects. Growing evidence from clinical studies has suggested a striking pathophysiological link between the development of end-organ damage and the dysregulation of the diurnal rhythm of blood pressure [5][6][7]. In addition to these clinical findings, recent advances in understanding the molecular aspects of the circadian clock system, which orchestrates nearly all of the physiological rhythms in the body, including the daily blood-pressure rhythm, has begun to motivate both clinicians and basic researchers to search for the answers to fundamental and important questions, i.e., how disruption of the 24-hour bloodpressure rhythm occurs and ho...

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Food entrainment of circadian gene expression altered in PPARα−/− brown fat and heart

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Nuclear Receptors Linking Circadian Rhythms and Cardiometabolic Control

Nuclear Receptors Linking Circadian Rhythms and Cardiometabolic Control

CLOCK genetic variation and metabolic syndrome risk: modulation by monounsaturated fatty acids

Integration of metabolic and cardiovascular diurnal rhythms by circadian clock

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