Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) incidence in cattle and buffaloes and its associated farm-level economic costs in endemic India

Govindaraj, G.; B, Ganesh Kumar; Krishnamohan, A; Hegde, Raveendra; Kumar, Neeraj; Prabhakaran, Kokila; Wadhwan, Vinay Mohan; Kakker, N. K.; Lokhande, T. N.; Sharma, Krishna; Kanani, Amit; Limaye,; Natchimuthu, K.; Ananth, PN; De, Arup Kumar; Khan, Tanveer A.; Misri, Jyoti; Dash, Biswajit; Pattnaik, Bramhadev; Rahman, Hazir

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105318

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, the country is the world's third largest beef exporter and largest producer and consumer of dairy, with dairy products contributing ∼70% of total livestock income of India (Hemme et al., 2003 ; Kumar et al., 2012 ). Infection by FMDV can cause significant reductions in milk production, manifesting in losses of up to $200 per animal in India, but economic losses borne by farmers also include treatment, loss in draught power, opportunity costs related to labour and distress sales (GG et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of mass vaccination on the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks in India, 2008–2016

Gunasekera

Biswal

Machado³

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India, where circulation of serotypes O, A and Asia1 is frequent. Here, we provide an epidemiological assessment of the ongoing mass vaccination programs in regard to post-vaccination monitoring and outbreak occurrence. The objective of this study was assessing the contribution of mass vaccination campaigns in reducing the risk of FMD in India from 2008 to 2016 by evaluating sero-monitoring data and modelling the spatiotemporal dynamics of reported outbreaks. Through analyzing antibody titre data from >1 million animals sampled as part of pre-and post-vaccination monitoring, we show that the percent of animals with inferred immunological protection (based on ELISA) was highly variable across states but generally increased through time. In addition, the number of outbreaks in a state was negatively correlated with the percent of animals with inferred protection.We then analyzed the distribution of reported FMD outbreaks across states using a Bayesian space-time model. This approach provides better acuity to disentangle the effect of mass vaccination programs on outbreak occurrence, while accounting for other factors that contribute to spatiotemporal variability in outbreak counts, notably proximity to international borders and inherent spatiotemporal correlations in incidence. This model demonstrated a ∼50% reduction in the risk of outbreaks in states that were part of the vaccination program. In addition, after controlling for spatial autocorrelation in the data, states that had international borders experienced heightened risk of FMD outbreaks. These findings help inform risk-based control strategies for India as the country progresses towards reducing reported clinical disease.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of mass vaccination on the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks in India, 2008–2016

Gunasekera

Biswal

Machado³

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Jones and Rushton (2013) have experienced FMD outbreaks and experienced large losses due to deaths and reduced livestock productivity, including Taiwan with losses of up to USD 6.617 billion, Uruguay with USD 0.08 billion, and the UK with USD 92 billion. Apart from that, FMD was also endemic in India in 2012and 2015-2016. Govindaraj et al (2021 estimated the losses due to FMD in India to be USD 3.2 billion/year during the outbreak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Losses of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Based on Business Characteristics and Regional Policies in Indonesia and Japan

Kusumastuti,

Kobayashi,

Juwari

et al. 2024

AAVS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a strategic disease in cloven-hoofed animals according to the World Organisation for Animal Health or Office International Des Epizooties (OIE). The last case of the spread of FMD in Indonesia occurred in 2022 and Japan in 2010. This research aims to determine the value of economic losses based on the conditions of beef and dairy cattle farms in two regions, namely East Java Province and Miyazaki Prefecture based on the consideration that they are cattle production centers. SWOT analysis is used to support a description of the condition of internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) of animal husbandry in two countries. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and quantitatively. Primary and secondary data were collected from July to September 2023. The results showed that economic losses due to FMD in cattle in Miyazaki Prefecture amounted to USD 775,184.77/farmer (beef cattle and dairy cattle), higher than losses in East Java province with USD 2,508.27/farmer for dairy cattle and USD 2,747.26/farmer for beef cattle. The high economic losses per farmer in Miyazaki are related to the characteristics of the number of livestock ownership and price of each animal. The results of the SWOT analysis show that the main weaknesses in East Java are limited facilities, budget, and livestock mobility conditions but the support of the central government and human resources supports the success of the FMD handling policy. In Miyazaki, policy support is dominated by facilities, human resources, and a strong budget even though there were problems with time accuracy in the initial case of FMD.

show abstract

“…Many previous studies on FMD have been conducted, one of which is a study conducted by Seitzinger et al which is about a strategic response in dealing with livestock disease outbreaks including FMD, Seitzinger et al mentioned the importance of a strategic response in dealing with FMD in order to minimize losses in Australia (Seitzinger et al, 2022). In addition, another study entitled "Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Incidence in Cattle and Buffaloes and its associated farm-level Economic Costs in Endemic India" (Govindaraj et al, 2021). The study contains the losses experienced by India during the FMD outbreak and strategic handling responses that can reduce losses due to FMD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants and Control Strategies of FMD in Japan and Indonesia

Kusumastuti,

Kobayashi,

Juwari

et al. 2024

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Foot and mouth disease is an infection caused by the aphthae epizootica virus which is easily transmitted to cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Over the last 25 years, the disease has widely spread in Asian countries, including Japan in 2010 and Indonesia in 2022. We aimed to review the determinants and control strategy for handling FMD in Japan and Indonesia based on aspects of financial policy and the coordination relationship between central and local in each country. Concerning policy response, we find that the two countries have similar characteristics; restrictions on livestock traffic, culling dead livestock, and vaccination but there are differences in tightening the policy response which has implications for the spread of the FMD virus. In Japan, it only attacked one area in Miyazaki prefecture, while in Indonesia FMD has spread to 27 out of 38 provinces. In the financial aspect, the spread of FMD in each of these countries has an impact on the treatment budget in Indonesia which is larger (0.23% of GDP) than in Japan (0.02% of GDP). Both countries have different budget schemes. During the first outbreak, local governments in Indonesia relied on unexpected spending budgets to cope with the outbreak, while in Japan, government financial support tended to be structured from the central government (MAFF) to support the effectiveness of handling the affected areas in Miyazaki. On the aspect of central and local government relations, the Indonesian government tends to be centralized in dealing with the impact of FMD because of the limited budgets and a lack of technical preparation and infrastructure for handling FMD in the local governments. However, Japanese local governments tend to have greater authority and are organized to carry out detection so that they respond quickly through policies, surveys, inspections, and even have an FMD vaccination team. Besides the above aspects, Japan and Indonesia have different livestock scale conditions and local institutional support, which also affect the success of both countries' policies to control FMD viruses.

show abstract

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) incidence in cattle and buffaloes and its associated farm-level economic costs in endemic India

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Impact of mass vaccination on the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks in India, 2008–2016

Impact of mass vaccination on the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks in India, 2008–2016

Economic Losses of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Based on Business Characteristics and Regional Policies in Indonesia and Japan

Determinants and Control Strategies of FMD in Japan and Indonesia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About