Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Feral Swine: Susceptibility and Transmission

Fredj, Mohamed; Swafford, Seth R.; Petrowski, Heather M.; Bracht, Alexa J.; Schmit, Brandon S.; Fabian, A.; Pacheco, Juan M.; Hartwig, E. E.; Berninger, Mary Lou; Carrillo, C.; Mayr, Gregory A.; Moran, Karen; Kavanaugh, Darrell M.; Leibrecht, H.; White, W. H.; Metwally, Samia

doi:10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01213.x

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The results of sensitivity and specificity of the commercial ELISA tests in wildlife are limited and there are only few reported studies (Broonsvoort et al, 2008;Mohamed et al, 2011). Currently, it is recommended to combine enzymelinked immunosorbent assays for FMDV antibody detection in wild animals with alternative tests such as the virus neutralisation test which is still considered the "gold standard" (Polichronova et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies for foot-and-mouth disease virus in wild boar and red deer

Terzić¹,

Roić²,

Jemeršić³

et al. 2012

ACTA VET-BEOGRAD

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For detecting antibodies towards foot and mouth (FMD) virus in sera collected from red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus) and wild boars (Sus scrofa), three commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used. Two ELISA kits (PrioCHECK FMDV NS and CHEKIT FMD-3ABC) were used for the detection of antibodies towards non-structural proteins of FMD virus and one assay was based on the detection of antibodies for serotype O (PrioCHECK FMDV type O). All of the sera tested in our study were negative for antibodies against FMD virus. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of commercially available ELISA kits given for marketing authorization in Croatia in testing the prevalence of FMD antibodies in wild boar and red deer populations. Since the producers of ELISA kits used in our study did not declare wild animals as a target species, we hypothesised that the same kits could be used for serological diagnosis of FMD in red deer and wild boars. Our study confirmed that the kits used are acceptable for detecting antibodies in both species tested, however, the investigation highlighted the problem of validating the kits due to the absence of available positive sera originating from red deer, as well as other susceptible species, especially artiodactyls

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies for foot-and-mouth disease virus in wild boar and red deer

Terzić¹,

Roić²,

Jemeršić³

et al. 2012

ACTA VET-BEOGRAD

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“…Superimposed is a transmission and disease course model for the FMDV. Epidemiological data on FMDV infections in wild boar are available from the field (59) and laboratory experiments (61, 62). The model is documented following the ODD protocol [Overview, Design, and Details; (63, 64)].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…State variables of host individuals are the wild boar’s age in weeks [where 1 week represents the approximate FMD infectious period in wild boar; (61, 62)], resulting in age classes: piglet (<8 months ± 6 weeks), sub-adult (<2 years ± 6 weeks), and adult (67). Each host individual has a location, which denotes its home range cell on the raster grid as well as its family group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relevance of Indirect Transmission for Wildlife Disease Surveillance

2016

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Epidemiological models of infectious diseases are essential tools in support of risk assessment, surveillance design, and contingency planning in public and animal health. Direct pathogen transmission from host to host is an essential process of each host–pathogen system and respective epidemiological modeling concepts. It is widely accepted that numerous diseases involve indirect transmission (IT) through pathogens shed by infectious hosts to their environment. However, epidemiological models largely do not represent pathogen persistence outside the host explicitly. We hypothesize that this simplification might bias management-related model predictions for disease agents that can persist outside their host for a certain time span. We adapted an individual-based, spatially explicit epidemiological model that can mimic both transmission processes. One version explicitly simulated indirect pathogen transmission through a contaminated environment. The second version simulated direct host-to-host transmission only. We aligned the model variants by the transmission potential per infectious host (i.e., basic reproductive number R0) and the spatial transmission kernel of the infection to allow unbiased comparison of predictions. The quantitative model results are provided for the example of surveillance plans for early detection of foot-and-mouth disease in wild boar, a social host. We applied systematic sampling strategies on the serological status of randomly selected host individuals in both models. We compared between the model variants the time to detection and the area affected prior to detection, measures that strongly influence mitigation costs. Moreover, the ideal sampling strategy to detect the infection in a given time frame was compared between both models. We found the simplified, direct transmission model to underestimate necessary sample size by up to one order of magnitude but to overestimate the area put under control measures. Thus, the model predictions underestimated surveillance efforts but overestimated mitigation costs. We discuss parameterization of IT models and related knowledge gaps. We conclude that the explicit incorporation of IT mechanisms in epidemiological modeling may reward by adapting surveillance and mitigation efforts.

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“…In another study, it was detected that feral swine can easily acquire and transmit FMDV to other feral and to domestic swine and thereby pose a significant threat. Increased vigilance is required when conducting FMD surveillance because these animal exhibit delays in presenting clinical signs and lesions and often difficult to recognize (Mohamed et al, 2011). An outbreak of FMDV was reported by European Commission in 2011.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease in Captive Yaks

Abubakar¹,

Jamil²,

Manzoor³

et al. 2015

Res. j. vet. pract.

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| Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is the most important infectious disease of cloven footed animals. It has wide range of hosts but mostly it occurs in cattle and buffaloes. In this report, a rare outbreak of FMD in wild yaks kept at wild life park Murree is described. It was worth-mentioning that clinical lesions were same in severity as in large ruminants. After laboratory analysis, the suspected samples were confirmed as FMD virus serotype A. Based on this report; it is recommended that any control program on FMD should consider the population of yaks and other wild ruminants for vaccination.

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Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Feral Swine: Susceptibility and Transmission

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

Application of commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies for foot-and-mouth disease virus in wild boar and red deer

Application of commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies for foot-and-mouth disease virus in wild boar and red deer

Relevance of Indirect Transmission for Wildlife Disease Surveillance

A Rare Outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease in Captive Yaks

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