Foot-and-mouth disease: Technical and political challenges to eradication

Smith, Mark T.; Bennett, Anthony M.; Grubman, Marvin J.; Bundy, Bradley C.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.038

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…FMD has global consequences, costing an estimated USD $6-$21 billion each year in prevention expenditures and agricultural damage [2]. A significant portion of this cost is shouldered by the world's poorest countries, which experience major economic losses from trade restrictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FMD virus (FMDV) belongs to the genus Aphthovirus in the Picornaviridae family, and includes seven serotypes: O, A, Asia, C, and SAT-1, -2, and -3 [1]. The circulation of FMDV in susceptible livestock imposes severe restrictions on the movement and trade of animals and derived products, causing serious economic loss to the affected countries [2]. FMD is endemic in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America, where vaccination of susceptible populations is widely used as a major control measure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous immunization of cattle with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and live anthrax vaccines do not interfere with FMD booster responses

Trotta¹,

Lahore

Cardoso³

et al. 2015

Trials in Vaccinology

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a b s t r a c tFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination in Argentina is compulsory for most of the cattle population and conducted by certified veterinarians. This organized campaign may facilitate the controlled application of other vaccines against endemic diseases, provided immune responses against FMD are not hindered. There is no published information on the interference of immunity against FMD vaccines when applied together with a live bacterial vaccine. In this study we evaluated if the simultaneous application of a Bacillus anthracis live vaccine with a commercial tetravalent oil-based FMD vaccine (FMD-vac) used in Argentina, modifies the antibody booster responses against FMD virus (FMDV) in cattle. Two groups of 16 heifers with comparable liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) titers were immunized with the FMD-vac alone or simultaneously with a commercial attenuated bovine anthrax Sterne strain vaccine (ABV). Serum samples were obtained at 0, 25, 60 and 90 days post vaccination (dpv) and specific antibodies against two FMDV vaccine strains were assessed by LPBE, avidity and IgG-isotype ELISAs. Bovines immunized with FMD-vac or FMDV-V + ABV responded with a boost in the LPBE antibody titers and avidity at 25 dpv, and remained within similar levels up to the end of the study. Animals vaccinated with FMD-vac + ABV had significantly higher LPBE titers at 25 dpv, compared to those immunized with FMD-vac alone; which was due to an increase in IgG2 titers. Overall, antibody titers elicited in both groups were similar and followed comparable kinetics over time. We conclude that the simultaneous application of a live anthrax vaccine with the current FMD tetravalent vaccine used in Argentina in cattle previously immunized against FMD, did not counteract the serological response induced by FMD vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous immunization of cattle with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and live anthrax vaccines do not interfere with FMD booster responses

Trotta¹,

Lahore

Cardoso³

et al. 2015

Trials in Vaccinology

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“…Type A FMD virus shows the broadest antigenic variations among the seven known FMD serotypes [6,7], and this diverse variation leads to the need for many vaccine strains. High-priority type A vaccine strains recommended by the WRLFMD to the antigen bank include A24 Cruzeiro, A Iran-05, and A22 Iraq, and these are the most widely used in the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, type A has the most diverse variations [6] and is one of the most difficult to prevent [7,8]. Vaccines against FMD can be used for prevention in regions where FMD is likely to occur and for urgent immunity when FMD has occurred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and immunologic relationships between vaccine and field strains for vaccine selection of type A foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in East Asia

Lee

Park

Kim

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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“…The absence of infection genetic materials may also enable the differentiation of immunised and naturally infected animals. Such application is particularly of interest for foot-and-mouth disease vaccines (Parida 2009, Smith et al 2014. As particulates with repetitive and ordered surface, VLPs are effective for (i) antigen delivery to antigenpresenting cells (APCs), and (ii) stimulating innate and humoral immunity at equal or greater levels than inactivated whole virion and subunit vaccines (Malboeuf et al 2007, Takamura et al 2004, Touze and Coursaget 1998 (Chackerian et al 2002, Jegerlehner et al 2002.…”

Section: Virus-like Particles (Vlps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering of virus-like particles for alternative vaccine candidate targeting a hypervariable peptide antigen element

Anggraeni¹

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A promising alternative to replace the current egg-or cell culture-based technology for vaccine production from live viruses is virus-like particle (VLP) technology based on a microbial platform. VLPs are macromolecular assemblies of viral capsid proteins, which have been shown to tolerate insertion of antigen modules via genetic recombinant technology, yielding modular VLPs. Many studies on modular VLPs presume that when a peptide antigen element is taken out from the intact proteins and then modularised on VLPs, it is unable to fold into its native structure. However, until now, presentation of a peptide antigen element on a VLP and the impact of the display strategy to present the antigen element on the quality of the resulting antibodies (i.e. the ability of the antibodies to recognise the intact protein) are not fully understood. This thesis aims to understand the underlying fundamentals regarding modularisation of peptide antigen elements on VLPs for induction of high-quality antibodies. A hypervariable receptor-binding domain, Helix 190 (H190), from the hemagglutinin protein of influenza A virus was used as a model for modularisation on VLPs from murine polyomavirus (MuPyV) VP1 protein. Four major findings are presented. Firstly, two display strategies, i.e. arraying of H190 in tandem repeats and the use of helix promoter elements, were shown to display H190 in its immunogenic form equally. However, modularisation using tandem repeat display induced antibodies of a higher quality than modularisation using helix promoter elements.Secondly, the quality of antibodies induced by the tandem repeat display bearing two copies of H190 was optimum, thus no significant improvement was observed following the use of adjuvant or increasing the copy number of H190. Additionally, the increase in the copy number of H190 was shown to reduce the assembly capability and solubility of modular VP1 in an environment that was optimised for wild-type VP1. Thirdly, this thesis shows the novel finding in the use of flanking ionic elements to stabilise VLP precursors, termed as capsomeres, bearing two copies of H190 containing a hydrophobic stretch, which caused aggregation. Fourthly, the first steps towards obtaining the atomic crystal structure of presented H190 on a modular protein were performed, i.e. a mild and satisfactory laboratory process was developed to achieve high-purity modular VP1 capsomeres, unattainable using previously established expression and purification process of wild-type MuPyV VP1. This thesis shows a step forward towards understanding the presentation of a peptide antigen element on a VLP that enables induction of highquality antibodies, and towards VLP engineering to manipulate the aggregation and solubility of modular VP1. VLP technology based on a microbial platform presented here is iii a potentially safe and effective alternative vaccine candidate that targets a hypervariable peptide antigen element. The speed of the microbial platform allows a rapid response to the hypervariability of the pe...

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Foot-and-mouth disease: Technical and political challenges to eradication

Cited by 34 publications

References 58 publications

Simultaneous immunization of cattle with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and live anthrax vaccines do not interfere with FMD booster responses

Simultaneous immunization of cattle with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and live anthrax vaccines do not interfere with FMD booster responses

Genetic and immunologic relationships between vaccine and field strains for vaccine selection of type A foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in East Asia

Engineering of virus-like particles for alternative vaccine candidate targeting a hypervariable peptide antigen element

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