Foot‐and‐mouth disease viruses of the O/ME‐SA/Ind‐2001e sublineage in Pakistan

Jamal, Syed Muhammad; Khan, Salman; Knowles, Nick J.; Wadsworth, Jemma; Hicks, Hayley; Mioulet, Valérie; Bin-Tarif, A.; Ludi, Anna B.; Shah, Syed Asad Ali; Abubakar, Muhammad; Manzoor, Shumaila; Afzal, Muhammad; Eschbaumer, Michael; King, Donald P.; Belsham, Graham J.

doi:10.1111/tbed.14134

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Similar viruses were also reported from South East Asian nations: Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam (2015) and Thailand (2016) [10,12]. Several sub-lineages (a-e) have appeared to date, with the recent emerging sub-lineage e moving into Pakistan [13,14]. The antigen-matching studies carried out by the World Reference Laboratory (WRL) for FMD showed that these isolates had a poor antigenic match with the O 1 Manisa vaccine strain, but a moderate to good match with the O3039 vaccine strain [9].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Emergency FMD Serotype O Vaccines Protect Cattle against Heterologous Challenge with a Variant Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from the O/ME-SA/Ind2001 Lineage

et al. 2021

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Vaccination is one of the best approaches to control and eradicate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). To achieve this goal, vaccines with inactivated FMD virus antigen in suitable adjuvants are being used in addition to other control measures. However, only a limited number of vaccine strains are commercially available, which often have a restricted spectrum of activity against the different FMD virus strains in circulation. As a result, when new strains emerge, it is important to measure the efficacy of the current vaccine strains against these new variants. This is important for countries where FMD is endemic but also for countries that hold an FMD vaccine bank, to ensure they are prepared for emergency vaccination. The emergence and spread of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage of viruses posed a serious threat to countries with OIE-endorsed FMD control plans who had not reported FMD for many years. In vitro vaccine-matching results showed a poor match (r1-value < 0.3) with the more widely used vaccine strain O1 Manisa and less protection in a challenge test. This paper describes the use of the O3039 vaccine strain as an alternative, either alone or in combination with the O1 Manisa vaccine strain with virulent challenge by a O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d sub-lineage virus from Algeria (O/ALG/3/2014). The experiment included challenge at 7 days post-vaccination (to study protection and emergency use) and 21 days post-vaccination (as in standard potency studies). The results indicated that the O3039 vaccine strain alone, as well as the combination with O1 Manisa, is effective against this strain of the O/ME-SA/Ind/2001d lineage, offering protection from clinical disease even after 7 days post-vaccination with a reduction in viraemia and virus excretion.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Emergency FMD Serotype O Vaccines Protect Cattle against Heterologous Challenge with a Variant Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from the O/ME-SA/Ind2001 Lineage

et al. 2021

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“…Phylogenetic and pathological study of foot-and-mouth disease virus with topotype "ME-SA," which was recently documented in Pakistan byHicks et al (2020) andJamal et al (2021). In addition to previously reported Pan-Asia II(Abubakar et al, 2022), the emergence of a new lineage of FMD in different areas of Pakistan suggested that regular surveillance, control of animals movement and effective vaccination should be part and parcel for the different eradication plans continuing in the country.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The mutation is also a predominant character of FMDV. That is why vaccination program often fails to give the desired results (Jamal et al, 2021). Being endemic, per annum losses due to FMD in Pakistan are more than USD 692 million, exhibiting the ruinous effects of disease on the country's economy (Abubakar et al, 2022).…”

Section: Molecular Identification Of Fmdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and pathology of field isolates of foot-and-mouth virus in Swiss albino mice

et al. 2024

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Foot-and-mouth disease is responsible for severe economic losses to the livestock industry of Pakistan. This study aimed to use Swiss albino mice as a cost-effective experimental animal model to study different immunological and histopathological aspects of FMDV instead of natural targeted species like cattle. After isolation of field isolates FMDV on BHK-21 cell line, biological titer of the virus and mice infectious dose50 was calculated. Virus was injected in 45 Swiss albino mice (group A) through intraperitoneal route. The gross, histopathological and immunopathological lesions in heart, trachea and lungs were recorded at different day’s intervals. Histopathologically, the heart showed congestion, hemorrhages and necrosis of cardiac muscles. Trachea showed deciliated epithelium and lungs showed hemorrhages, bronchial edema and alveolar emphysema. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of virus in cardiac muscles, tracheal and bronchial epithelium and alveolar lumen. The findings evoked a thought that laboratory animals could be an alternative to large animals to meet budget limitations for further research on foot-and-mouth-disease.

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“…OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD) reported 11 topo-types of FMDV serotype-O among which Pakistani strains are classi ed under Middle east-South Asia (ME-SA) topotype. ( (a, b, c, d, e) linages are evolving (Jamal et al, 2021) The virus genome codes for a single polyprotein which further proceeds to produce the set of intermediate and nal mature proteins that are used for virus replication and assembly. The P1 region of polyprotein codes for four structural proteins (SP) which are VP1 (1D), VP2 (1B), VP3 (1C), and VP4 (1A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Variants Discovery of FMD Virus Isolated from Cattle Population in Pakistan

Munir

Anjum

Altaf

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is extremely contagious and multispecies that has a severe impact on animal trade across the borders. FMD virus may cause epidemics resulting in devastation of livestock industry so, it’s worthy to explore the genomic architecture of virus to harness the mortality and morbidity particularly in cattle from Pakistan. Epithelial scrapping samples of sick animals were taken from Punjab, Pakistan and cDNA of virus was sequenced through short-read NGS Illumina technology followed by variant calling analysis to reveal how novel variants give rise to new lineage in the region for a comprehensive insight of its genomic landscape. Haplotype-based variant discovery was performed by Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK4) with Mutect2 using Pan Asia-II as reference genome. A total of 708 variants including 642 SNPs, 38 MNPs and 28 INDELs were observed. Furthermore, whole genome annotation revealed high, low, moderate and modifier impact variants count as 10(1.28%), 514(66.15%), 115(14.80%) and 138(17.76%) respectively which are distributed in VP3, 2C, 3B and 3D proteins of FMDV. Similarly, transitions-to-transversions ratio (3.75) and missense-to-silent ratio (0.1634) across the whole genome with 639 exonic, 3 downstream, 69 intergenic and 66 upstream effects were also identified. Whereas, high impact-frame shift mutations were concentrated in 5000-7000 nucleotide positions of the genome. A worth-mentioning deletion mutation of 75bp at 5276 position harbor 2C protein. The current whole genome variant discovery of FMDV will add new insight to understand the micro-evolution, speedy emergence of strains, mutation associated disease-severity and it’s lineage to prevent the prevalence of this catastrophe.

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Foot‐and‐mouth disease viruses of the O/ME‐SA/Ind‐2001e sublineage in Pakistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Emergency FMD Serotype O Vaccines Protect Cattle against Heterologous Challenge with a Variant Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from the O/ME-SA/Ind2001 Lineage

Emergency FMD Serotype O Vaccines Protect Cattle against Heterologous Challenge with a Variant Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from the O/ME-SA/Ind2001 Lineage

Molecular characterization and pathology of field isolates of foot-and-mouth virus in Swiss albino mice

Whole-Genome Variants Discovery of FMD Virus Isolated from Cattle Population in Pakistan

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