Foot eczema and footwear dermatitis: Role of patch test using Indian standard series and footwear series

Aithal, Vijay; Jacob, Mareen Ann

doi:10.4103/cdr.cdr_4_18

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In our study, overall male predominance was higher than female in hand and foot eczema, with male to female ratio of 1.56:1, which was similar to previous studies [4,9,10,[15][16][17][18][19][20] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Housewives and farmers/semi-skilled workers were the most frequently encountered occupations with feet eczema in this study, which is similar to the findings of previous foot and leg eczema studies [5,18,19] . Dorsum of feet was the commonest site involved in our study corresponding to the shape of the footwear "V-shaped chapels", which is similar to findings of previous studies [4,5,14,18,19] . This type of footwear is usually worn without socks and is preferred by individuals living in hot and humid climate.…”

Section: Foot Eczemasupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The pathogenesis of hand and foot eczema is multifactorial, with a contribution of endogenous factors such as atopic dermatitis or exogenous factors such as contact dermatitis [3] . They are often associated with atopy and household or occupational exposure to allergens or irritants [3,4,5] . Therefore, identification and avoidance of the allergen, is important in the management of hand and foot eczema.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, patch testing is an important tool to confirm the presence of allergy and to identify the actual allergen. Majority studies in literature have focused on hand eczema [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and few on foot eczema [4,5] . They have documented varying clinical pattern and different types of allergens as causative cause [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Majority studies in literature have focused on hand eczema [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and few on foot eczema [4,5] . They have documented varying clinical pattern and different types of allergens as causative cause [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Depending on geographical, occupational, economic and social factors, allergen exposures may vary [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patch testing in hand and foot eczema: A prospective study at a tertiary care hospital

Tahiliani¹,

Muppalla²,

Patel³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Dermatol. Venereology Leprosy Sci.

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Hand and foot eczema is a common chronic, distressing skin condition with varying etiology. A patch test can be useful to confirm the presence of allergy and to identify the actual allergen. This study aimed to identify the common allergens causing hand and foot eczema with the help of patch testing. A total of 82 cases with hand and/or foot eczema underwent patch test using Indian Standard Series. Overall, the rate of positive patch test reactions reported in hand and foot eczema was 47.6%. Potassium bichromate was the common allergens in males and Nickel sulphate was the commonest allergen in females. The commonest presentation was chronic eczema in 51.22% and morphologically unspecified eczema (40.24%) followed by hyperkeratotic eczema was the most common. The rate of positive patch test reactions encountered was high. We suggest that patch test should be used to improve therapeutic outcome in hand and feet eczema.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Foot Eczemasupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patch testing in hand and foot eczema: A prospective study at a tertiary care hospital

Tahiliani¹,

Muppalla²,

Patel³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Dermatol. Venereology Leprosy Sci.

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The Value of Patch Testing With Shoe Material Samples in Patients Suspected of Shoe Allergic Contact Dermatitis

et al. 2021

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Background: Patch testing is the standard diagnostic tool for shoe allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). As shoe materials change over time, utilizing commercial allergen series might be ineffective. However, because testing with patients' shoe samples is laborious, its value is questioned.Objective: The aim of this study was to ascertain the benefits of patch testing with patients' shoes by comparing the frequencies of patch-test positivity of shoes and shoe-related allergens in baseline series for suspected shoe ACD patients.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of patients with clinically suspected shoe ACD who underwent patch testing with baseline series and shoe samples 2000 to 2019.Results: Almost half of the cohort (77 of 178; 43.3%) was diagnosed with shoe ACD. Of those 77, 48 (62.3%) were positive to shoe-related allergens from the baseline series, whereas 53 (68.8%) were positive to their shoe materials. The prevalence of tests positive to shoe material but negative to shoe-related allergens was 29 of 77 (37.7%). The most common shoe-related allergens were potassium dichromate (7.9%), carba mix (6.8%), and mercapto mix (6.7%).Conclusions: Patch testing with shoe materials increased the diagnostic yield by 37.7 percent. To diagnose shoe ACD, testing of shoe materials may compensate for unknown, scarce, or novel allergens not in the baseline series.

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Chromium and leather: a review on the chemistry of relevance for allergic contact dermatitis to chromium

Hedberg

2020

J Leather Sci Eng

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As other causes decline in importance, chromium-tanned leather has become a more important source for chromium allergy, which affects around 1% of the general population. The aim of this review is to give suggestions on how to minimize the risk of leather-related allergic contact dermatitis, which can be elicited in chromiumallergic persons by hexavalent and trivalent chromium released from leather. Hexavalent chromium is the more potent chromium form and requires a lower skin dose to elicit allergic reactions. It is formed on the surface of some, antioxidant-free, leathers at dry conditions (< 35% relative humidity) and is influenced by the tanning process and other conditions, such as UV irradiation, contact with alkaline solutions, and leather age. Trivalent chromium is the dominant form released from chromium-tanned leather and its released amount is sufficient to elicit allergic reactions in some chromium-allergic individuals when they are exposed repetitively and over longer time (daysmonths). A low initial test result (< 3 mg/kg) for hexavalent chromium with the current standard test (ISO 17075) does not guarantee a low release of chromium from the leather or a low release of hexavalent chromium under typical exposure conditions during the service life of the leather. Information, labels, and certificates regarding leather products are often insufficient to protect chromium-allergic individuals. Correct labelling and information on the possible content of different allergens, as well as different tanning alternatives for certain leather products, are crucial.

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Foot eczema and footwear dermatitis: Role of patch test using Indian standard series and footwear series

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Patch testing in hand and foot eczema: A prospective study at a tertiary care hospital

Patch testing in hand and foot eczema: A prospective study at a tertiary care hospital

The Value of Patch Testing With Shoe Material Samples in Patients Suspected of Shoe Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Chromium and leather: a review on the chemistry of relevance for allergic contact dermatitis to chromium

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