Foot problems in children presented to the family physician: a comparison between 1987 and 2001

Krul, Marjolein; Wouden, Johannes C. van der; Schellevis, François G.; Suijlekom-Smit, Lisette W. A. van; Koes, Bart W.

doi:10.1093/fampra/cmp018

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity peaks around this age and is higher in women [31], and there is some evidence that obesity may be a risk factor for foot pain [8–10]. The higher annual consultation prevalence of males aged <14 years may be due to a higher prevalence of conditions such as flat feet, heel pain, trauma and congenital deformities compared with females [18, 20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there has been some examination of consultation patterns for foot surgery [17, 18], relatively little is known about the characteristics of foot problems presenting to GPs. To the best of our knowledge, the only detailed assessments of primary care consultations for foot problems have been conducted in the Netherlands, one of which specifically focused on children [19, 20]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of primary care consultations for musculoskeletal foot and ankle problems in the UK

et al. 2010

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Objective. Foot and ankle problems are highly prevalent in the general population; however, little is known about the characteristics of those seeking medical assessment for these problems. The objective of this study was to explore the extent and types of musculoskeletal foot and ankle problems in primary care.Methods. Consultation data related to musculoskeletal foot and ankle problems in 2006 were extracted from the Consultations in Primary Care Archive (CiPCA), which covers consultations in 12 general practices in North Staffordshire. Data were cross-tabulated by age and gender, and annual consultation prevalence per 10 000 registered persons was calculated.Results. Of the 55 033 musculoskeletal consultations documented in CiPCA in 2006, 4500 (8%) related to foot and ankle problems. The most commonly documented Read term was ‘foot pain’ (1281 consultations; 28%), followed by ‘ankle pain’ [451 (10%)]. Most consultations [3538 (79%)] involved non-traumatic conditions. Females accounted for slightly more consultations than males (55 vs 45%), and the highest proportion of consultations involved people aged 45–64 years (36%). The number of consultations per patient ranged from 1 to 11. Annual consultation prevalence was 290 per 10 000 registered persons and increased with age, reaching a peak in the 65- to 74-year age group (411 per 10 000 registered persons).Conclusion. Foot and ankle problems account for a substantial number of consultations in primary care, and most frequently involve non-traumatic conditions. Further research is required to evaluate the factors that influence consultation for foot problems and strategies that general practitioners use to manage these conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of primary care consultations for musculoskeletal foot and ankle problems in the UK

et al. 2010

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“…Flexible flat foot (also known as pes planus or planovalgus) in children, when there is the appearance of a lowered medial longitudinal arch, with or without rearfoot eversion [ 1 ] is one of the most frequently reported reasons to seek orthopaedic opinion [ 2 ]. Yet, in typically developing children, normative data indicates ‘flat’ is normal for children up to eight years of age [ 3 ], due to age appropriate osseous and ligamentous laxity, increased adipose tissue and immature neuromuscular control [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric flexible flat foot: how are we measuring it and are we getting it right? A systematic review

Banwell

Paris

Mackintosh

et al. 2018

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

101

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BackgroundFlexible flat foot is a normal observation in typically developing children, however, some children with flat feet present with pain and impaired lower limb function. The challenge for health professionals is to identify when foot posture is outside of expected findings and may warrant intervention. Diagnoses of flexible flat foot is often based on radiographic or clinical measures, yet the validity and reliability of these measures for a paediatric population is not clearly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate how paediatric foot posture is defined and measured within the literature, and if the psychometric properties of these measures support any given diagnoses.MethodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane, AMED, SportDiscus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were systematically searched in January 2017 for empirical studies where participants had diagnosed flexible flat foot and were aged 18 years or younger. Outcomes of interest were the foot posture measures and definitions used. Further articles were sought where cited in relation to the psychometric properties of the measures used.ResultsOf the 1101 unique records identified by the searches, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria involving 20 foot posture measures and 40 definitions of paediatric flexible flat foot. A further 18 citations were sought in relation to the psychometric properties of these measures. Three measures were deemed valid and reliable, the FPI-6 > + 6 for children aged three to 15 years, a Staheli arch index of > 1.07 for children aged three to six and ≥ 1.28 for children six to nine, and a Chippaux-Smirak index of > 62.7% in three to seven year olds, > 59% in six to nine year olds and ≥ 40% for children aged nine to 16 years. No further measures were found to be valid for the paediatric population.ConclusionNo universally accepted criteria for diagnosing paediatric flat foot was found within existing literature, and psychometric data for foot posture measures and definitions used was limited. The outcomes of this review indicate that the FPI – 6, Staheli arch index or Chippaux-Smirak index should be the preferred method of paediatric foot posture measurement in future research.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13047-018-0264-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Riddiford-Harland et al [20] and Dowling et al [21] demonstrated that medial longitudinal arches of the foot of overweight/obese children were flatter and Chippaux-Smirak Index of their footprints were higher than in normal weight children. Krul et al [22] reported that lower limb musculoskeletal complaints and problems were more frequent in overweight/obese children compared to normal weight children seen in primary care clinics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between obesity and musculoskeletal system findings among children and adolescents

Merder-Coskun¹,

Uzuner

Keniş-Coşkun

et al. 2017

Turk J Phys Med Rehab

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Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between obesity and musculoskeletal system examination findings and functionality among 5-16 years old population-based sample. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional field study. Sample of this study was selected from 4,246 participants of a study, which assessed the prevalence of obesity among school children aged between 6-15 in Pendik, Istanbul, in 2013-2014 school year. Physical examination included inspection, gait, balance, muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) assessment. Turkish version of Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) was used. Physical examination findings and PODCI scores of "normal weight" and "overweight/obese" groups were compared. Correlation between body mass index (BMI), ROM and PODCI subscale scores were also evaluated. Results: A total of 318 children were included in the study. 39.3% (n=125) were normal weight, 61.7% (n=193) were overweight/obese. Pes planus was the most common musculoskeletal problem with a rate of 23.9%. We found that pes planus was more common (p=0.000), standing time on one leg was shorter (p=0.002), time to complete timed up and go test (TUG) was longer (p=0.004) and "happiness" subscale scores of PODCI were lower (p=0.000) in overweight/obese children compared to their normal weight peers. Range of motion values were decreased, especially on the lower limbs, in overweight/obese children (p<0.05) compared to normal weight children. Body mass index values showed a negative correlation with ROM and PODCI "happiness" subscale scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal problems are more common in overweight/obese children than in their normal weight peers. Increase in BMI correlates with decrease in balance, emotional functionality and ROM values. It may be possible to protect overweight/obese children from serious musculoskeletal disorders by interventions that reduce BMI.

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Foot problems in children presented to the family physician: a comparison between 1987 and 2001

Abstract: Total incidence rate of musculoskeletal foot problems seen by the FP has decreased substantially, between 1987 and 2001.

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Characteristics of primary care consultations for musculoskeletal foot and ankle problems in the UK

Characteristics of primary care consultations for musculoskeletal foot and ankle problems in the UK

Paediatric flexible flat foot: how are we measuring it and are we getting it right? A systematic review

Relationship between obesity and musculoskeletal system findings among children and adolescents

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