Foot varus in stroke patients: Muscular activity of extensor digitorum longus during the swing phase of gait

Foot posture after stroke: frequency, nature and clinical significance

“…As most clinicians assume that stroke patients have abnormal supination/varus deformity, [10][11][12][13][14] the standard choice of orthotic device (a splint or insole) to correct such perceived deformities is a lateral wedge to force the foot into a valgus/ pronated position. 25 Our results suggest that most patients would not need adjustment to either side of their foot as their foot posture is normal.…”

“…Given the lack of previous work in this field, we addressed this aim by investigating five prevailing beliefs that underpin clinical reasoning and decision-making. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] These were that:…”

Changes in gait and plantar foot loading upon using vibrotactile wearable biofeedback system in patients with stroke

“…Abnormal motion of the ankle-foot complex contributes to the deterioration of the overall balance performance and gait pattern [7]. Deformities at the ankle joint are common, due to the muscle spasticity [8] and muscle imbalance [9]. The foot at the affected side of people with stroke tends to be more plantar-flexed and inverted than people without stroke [10].…”

“…Various interventions have been used to relieve varus deformity for patients with stroke, but with some limitations [9]. Local botulinum toxin injection has the limitations of high cost and transient nature that requires repetitive injections [22].…”

Full-movement neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves plantar flexor spasticity and ankle active dorsiflexion in stroke patients: a randomized controlled study

“…The activity of the extensor digitorum longus muscle during the swing phase of gait is important to balance the foot in the frontal plane. 4 For this reason, relieving spasticity of the plantar flexors and strengthening the extensor digitorum longus are very important to maintain normal gait.…”