Forage potential of wild populations of perennial ryegrass collected from southern New Zealand farms

Widdup, K.H.; Ryan, D. L.

doi:10.33584/jnzg.1992.54.2024

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Well adapted New Zealand pasture ecotypes continue to provide the basis for many new cultivars (Burgess andEaston 1986, Widdup &Ryan 1992). Indeed the plants surviving after a number of years in pastures sown with newer cultivars will continue to provide a valuable source of adapted material for breeding in the future.…”

Section: Breeding From 1980-2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic origins of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) for New Zealand pastures

Stewart¹

2006

NZGA R&P Series

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New Zealand perennial ryegrass germplasm originated largely from seed introduced from the UK during the 1800s. Modern breeding began in the 1930s and soon utilised selections from the best ecotypes as "mother" seed for the seed industry and after numerous reselections this resulted in the release of Grasslands Ruanui 1955. Winter growth was improved by hybridising with Italian ryegrass to produce the "short rotation hybrid" cultivar Grasslands Manawa, released in 1943. Further introgression to perennial ryegrass led to the development of Grasslands Ariki "long rotation hybrid", functionally a perennial, released in 1965. The identification of a valuable ecotype from the Mangere district in Northern New Zealand in the late 1960s had a substantial impact on ryegrass breeding in New Zealand and has subsequently been widely used in all Australasian ryegrass breeding programs. Germplasm from mild oceanic regions of North West Spain, collected in the 1980s, has provided a valuable combination of winter growth with late flowering behaviour. This has been used in many recent breeding programs. Considerable research has gone into endophytes of ryegrass to develop safe and persistent pastures. The lack of chemical diversity within endophytes of New Zealand ecotypes has required considerable sourcing of overseas germplasm for endophyte discovery. In recent years breeders have introgressed a wider range of germplasm, including winter active Mediterranean material, cold tolerant Northern European material, as well as Italian ryegrass and meadow fescue. Tetraploid perennial ryegrass cultivars have been released in the last 20 years, based largely on New Zealand diploid cultivars but also using some European tetraploids. Today a full range of cultivars from early flowering diploids to late flowering tetraploids is available to the farming industry. The use of a wider range of germplasm is discussed in relation to advances in our knowledge of genetic origins of perennial ryegrass. Genetic advances should be achievable from more diverse germplasm by using a combination of traditional breeding techniques and new technologies, such as marker assisted selection. However, lifting overall pasture performance still remains a challenge as ryegrass cultivars are used in mixtures with white clover and any increase in the ryegrass yield is often partially cancelled by decreased clover yields

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Section: Breeding From 1980-2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic origins of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) for New Zealand pastures

Stewart¹

2006

NZGA R&P Series

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“…However, in the south of New Zealand, infection rates are lower, and some old pastures are nearly free of endophyte (Widdup & Ryan 1992). Of 50 populations examined, two were less than 20% infected, but 29 populations were more than 60% infected.…”

Section: Endophyte In New Zealand Pasturesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ryegrass collected from old pastures throughout New Zealand has regularly been found to be infected with N. lolii (Prestidge et al 1985;Wedderburn et al 1989;Widdup & Ryan 1992), as has ryegrass collected in Europe (Lewis et al 1997). Endophyte was first noted in ryegrass in New Zealand sixty years ago (Neill 1940), but an early investigation concluded it had no impact on livestock health (Cunningham 1958).…”

Section: Endophyte In New Zealand Pasturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophyte in New Zealand ryegrass pastures, an overview

Easton¹

1999

NZGA R&P Series

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Ryegrass pastures in New Zealand are usually infected with the ryegrass endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii). The endophyte provides protection from invertebrate attack, discourages overgrazing by livestock and perhaps confers other advantages enhancing ryegrass persistence. The endophyte lifecycle is completed within the plant, and transmission is uniquely through the grass seed. Within the plant, the endophyte synthesises a range of compounds, some of which have been identified as responsible for known endophyte effects on pasture invertebrates and on livestock. The concentrations of these compounds vary in different parts of the plant, with plant age and in response to environmental influences. While endophyte has wellknown adverse effects on livestock (reviewed elsewhere in this volume), it contributes positively to grassland productivity in New Zealand. Keywords: endophyte, Lolium, Neotyphodium lolii, pest resistance, ryegrass

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“…A surprising feature concerning the N. lolii perennial ryegrass association is the lack of significance of the association in Europe compared to New Zealand and Australia. Little endophyte has been found in some studies in Europe (Oliveira & Castro, 1997) and when it is present, it is often found in lower frequency than that reported in New Zealand (Widdup & Ryan, 1992). Furthermore, the advantage of N. lolii infected plants in pastures has been found to be small (Ravel et al , 1995; Lewis et al , 1997).…”

Section: Insect Resistance/repellance (Fungal Endophytes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive plant microbial interactions in perennial ryegrass dairy pasture systems

Andrews

Edwards

Ridgway

et al. 2011

Annals of Applied Biology

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Literature on positive plant microbial interactions in perennial ryegrass dairy pasture systems is reviewed and interactions that have been reported to have a substantial impact on pasture production and/or levels of chemical inputs into or losses from the system are assessed. Utilisation of N2 fixing (rhizobia) white clover as the N input into a perennial ryegrass pasture is likely to give pasture and milk production similar to that with addition of 200 kg inorganic N ha−1 annum−1 and avoid greenhouse gas emissions resulting from N fertiliser production. Use of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide that de‐activates the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme in ammonia‐oxidising bacteria can substantially reduce NO3− leaching and N2O emissions from perennial ryegrass pastures while increasing productivity. Infection of perennial ryegrass plants with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii is very significant for the production and persistence of dairy pastures in Australasia due to the endophyte producing a range of alkaloids that confer benefit to the host plant through insect resistance/repellance. In addition, there is considerable potential to manipulate rumen microorganisms such that methane production per unit organic matter intake and the proportion of N uptake that is excreted in urine are decreased while production is maintained or increased. Also, P‐solubilising bacteria and mycorrhizas are worthy of study in relation to the development of inoculants for use as a mechanism to increase P availability in pastures from reserves in the soil and/or applied rock phosphate.

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Forage potential of wild populations of perennial ryegrass collected from southern New Zealand farms

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Genetic origins of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) for New Zealand pastures

Genetic origins of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) for New Zealand pastures

Endophyte in New Zealand ryegrass pastures, an overview

Positive plant microbial interactions in perennial ryegrass dairy pasture systems

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