Foraging Behavior and Feeding Preference of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Kentucky Alfalfa

Barney, Robert J.; Pass, B. C.

doi:10.1093/jee/79.5.1334

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Native to North America, H. fraternus is widely distributed across the northwest United States [59] and has been reported to prefer dry, open, and sandy soils [21]; the type of soil observed in both conventional and organic fields [59]. Several other Harpalus species, including H. pensylvanicus, H. herbivagus, and H. affinis are known as seed predators, at least in their adult stages [60,61]. Hence, it is possible that, due to its seed consuming habit, H. fraternus was strongly associated with organic fields that have a more abundant seedbank than conventional fields [62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Menalled

2018

Sustainability

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Farming systems act as ecological filters impacting cropland associated biodiversity; however, the extent of these effects is largely unknown in the drylands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), a key conventional and organic crop production region. In this 3-year (2013-2015) on-farm study, we addressed this knowledge gap by assessing the effects of conventional and organic farming systems on weed and ground beetle (carabidae) communities. We observed 25 weed species in conventional and 44 in organic fields. Weed species richness and weed species evenness were 237% and 137% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. We collected a total of 1520 beetle specimens, representing 28 species in conventional and 37 in organic fields. Beetle activity-density and species richness were 220% and 156% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. Both weed and ground beetle communities differed between conventional and organic fields, indicating that farming systems act as distinct ecological filters. We conclude that, in the drylands of the NGP, adoption of organic farming enhances weed abundance which could have potential management challenges, but provide floral resources to the pollinators and parasitoids. Similarly, greater diversity of ground beetles could enhance conservation biological control of crop pests, ultimately supporting for sustainable agriculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Menalled

2018

Sustainability

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“…Increased weediness clearly increased activitydensity of H. pensylvanicus, the most common carabid species collected in pitfall traps in these plots. H. pensylvanicus is known to be an omnivore rather than a strict carnivore (Kirk 1973, Barney and Pass 1986, McNabb et al 2001, and in fact has been suggested as potentially important in reducing weed seed numbers in agricultural Þelds (Lund andTurpin 1977, Manley 1992). The increase in H. pensylvanicus numbers observed in the weedy plots late in the season may have been in part a response to seed shed of summer annual weeds in those plots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Weed Communities to Enhance Ground-Dwelling Arthropod Populations in Herbicide-Resistant Field Corn

2004

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“…Many carabids are primarily ground‐foraging predators (Thiele 1977, ), although otherwise terrestrial carabids have been reported moving through the foliage (e.g., Barney and Pass 1986). Our results suggest that P. melanarius is unable to capture active prey in the foliage but remains an effective predator of immobile prey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalist Predators Disrupt Biological Control by a Specialist Parasitoid

Snyder

Ives

2001

Ecology

282

114

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Two broad classes of arthropod natural enemies attack insect herbivores: specialists and generalists. The tight dynamical linkage of specialist natural enemies and their prey may make the specialists able to respond numerically to, and perhaps suppress, herbivore outbreaks. Because generalist predators may attack not only herbivores, but also the herbivores' specialist natural enemies, generalist predators may disrupt control of herbivore populations rather than contribute to it. We examined interactions between pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), a specialist parasitoid wasp (Aphidius ervi) that attacks the aphids, and a common generalist predator, carabid beetles (primarily Pterostichus melanarius). In two field experiments in alfalfa, we manipulated carabid densities to measure their direct (through predation) and indirect (through intraguild predation on A. ervi) impact on aphid population dynamics. The first experiment was initiated when plants were short (following cutting), and carabid predation of aphids led to an immediate reduction in aphid densities. This reduction was short‐lived, however, because carabids reduced parasitism, leading to higher aphid population growth rates. Therefore, although the immediate direct effect of carabids was a reduction in aphid densities, this was offset in the longer term by the indirect effect of carabids disrupting the control of aphids by parasitoids. The second experiment was initiated after plants had regrown following cutting. When plants were tall, carabids had no direct impact on aphid densities. Nonetheless, the slow indirect effect of carabids on aphid densities through reduction in parasitism still occurred, leading to higher aphid population growth rates in the presence of carabids. Additional laboratory experiments demonstrated that carabids are able to climb into plants and prey upon the immobile parasitoid pupae (“mummies”), whereas antipredator behaviors of the aphids protect them from predation by carabids when plants are tall. Overall, carabid predation caused an immediate but ephemeral decrease in aphid density. In contrast, the indirect positive effect on aphid density caused by reducing parasitism developed later but persisted longer. Thus the generalist carabid primarily acted as an intraguild predator, interrupting aphid population control by the specialist parasitoid.

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Foraging Behavior and Feeding Preference of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Kentucky Alfalfa

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Manipulation of Weed Communities to Enhance Ground-Dwelling Arthropod Populations in Herbicide-Resistant Field Corn

Generalist Predators Disrupt Biological Control by a Specialist Parasitoid

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