Marine micropaleontology concerns biostratigraphy for dating and correlation of deep time sequences as well as in palaeoceanography to understand the marine processes of the past. For this, marine micropalaeontology utilizes detailed studies on exclusively marine microbiota such as foraminifers, nannofossils, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and others. This article discusses (in detail) our present state of palaeoceanographic knowledge based on marine micropalaeontology studies in the Indian sector. A detailed literature survey showcases that numerous studies have been carried out in deep time (Jurassic -Neogene) as well as Quaternary sediments utilizing marine microfossils from India. These studies from different geological periods and regions within the Indian territory such as Jurassic (Kutch Basin), Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) transition (western, peninsular and northeast India), Palaeogene (northeast and western India), Neogene (Andaman & Nicobar Islands, northeast Indian Ocean), Quaternary (Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, coastal and estuarine regions of peninsular India) have provided better insights to our previous understandings on various aspects that include biostratigraphy, paleoenvironment, evolution, ocean/land-climate variability, its dynamics and teleconnections.