Forced Circling in Monkeys Following Lesions of the Frontal Lobes

Kennard, Margaret A.; Ectors, L

doi:10.1152/jn.1938.1.1.45

Cited by 135 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results confirm the importance of novelty as a determinant of locomotor activity (French, 1959;French & Harlow, 1955) and may explain the conflicting reports of the effect of auditory stimuli on activity of frontal operatees (e.g. Issac & DeVito, 1958;Kennard, Spencer, & Fountain, 1941).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Locomotor activity following lateral frontal lesions in Rhesus monkeys.

Gross¹

1963

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of bilateral frontal lesions on locomotor activity were studied under various stimulus conditions. 8 monkeys were tested after, and 13 monkeys before and after, partial ablation of lateral frontal granular cortex or as unoperated controls. Ss with lesions that included sulcus principals were hyperreactive to light. Their locomotor activity in light as well as darkness was more enhanced by relatively familiar auditory stimuli, and more depressed by relatively novel stimuli than that of unoperated Ss, or of Ss with lateral frontal lesions which spared sulcus principalis.Rhesus monkeys, after lateral frontal lesions, show increased locomotor activity. It is not clear whether these operatees are hyperactive because they are "spontaneously" more active or because they are more "reactive" to certain or all external stimuli. Furthermore, the minimum lateral frontal lesion which will produce this syndrome has not been denned. The present study was concerned with these two problems.EXPERIMENT 1 Locomotor activity of unoperated monkeys and monkeys with lateral frontal lesions either confined to sulcus principalis or sparing sulcus principalis was measured under each of the following four conditions: darkness, light, sound in darkness, and "tactile" stimulation (produced by a strong draft) in darkness. MethodSubjects. Eight immature rhesus monkeys served as Ss. Three Ss (No. 12, 16, and 26) had 1 This report is abstracted from a doctoral dissertation submitted to the University of Cambridge in 1961. The experiments were conducted at

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Locomotor activity following lateral frontal lesions in Rhesus monkeys.

Gross¹

1963

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stimuli which depress locomotor activity of normal monkeys (such as novel sounds) depress it more after this lesion" (Gross & Weiskrantz, 1964, p. 86). This kind of relationship has been reported frequently, especially in the human and nonhuman primate literature (e.g., Bauer & Fuster, 1978;Fulton, 1951;Kennard, Spencer, & Fountain, 1941;Rylander, 1939); it seems to be associated most closely with areas 8, 10, and 11 (Gross & Weiskrantz, 1964;Richter & Hines, 1937).…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Activity changes following sulcal, but not medial, ablation of the prefrontal cortex of the guinea pig

et al. 1980

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The importance of the prefrontal cortex to inhibitory control has also been shown in monkeys with lesions to the prefrontal cortex (Petrides, 1986), and in electrophysiological (Watanabe, 1986) and imaging studies (Morita et al, 2004). There is also a classic literature demonstrating that prefrontal cortex lesions cause locomotor hyperactivity in monkeys (Kennard et al, 1941;French, 1959;Gross, 1963;Gross and Weiskrantz, 1964). Thus, some of the locomotor hyperactivity observed in ADHD may arise from prefrontal cortex dysfunction.…”

Section: Stimulants: Therapeutic Actions In Adhd Aft Arnstenmentioning

confidence: 91%

Stimulants: Therapeutic Actions in ADHD

Arnsten

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

419

257

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are currently the most common treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For years, it was assumed that stimulants had paradoxical calming effects in ADHD patients, whereas stimulating 'normal' individuals and producing locomotor activation in rats. It is now known that low doses of stimulants focus attention and improve executive function in both normal and ADHD subjects. Furthermore, the seminal work of Kuczenski and Segal showed that low, oral doses of methylphenidate reduce locomotor activity in rats as well. Berridge et al have now shown that these low doses produce marked increases in norepinephrine and dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex, whereas having only subtle effects on subcortical catecholamine release. ihe prefrontal cortex regulates behavior and attention using representational knowledge, and imaging and neuropsychological studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex is weaker in subjects with ADHD. This cortical area is very sensitive to levels of catecholamines: moderate levels engage postsynaptic a2A-adrenoceptors and D1 receptors and improve prefrontal regulation of behavior and attention, while high levels impair prefrontal function via a1-adrenoceptors and excessive D1 receptor stimulation. Administering low doses of methylphenidate to rats improves the working memory and attentional functions of the prefrontal cortex, while high doses impair working memory and produce a perseverative pattern of errors similar to that seen in patients. The low dose improvement is hiocked by either an a2-adrenoceptor or Dl receptor antagonist, suggesting that both norepinephrine and dopamine contribute to the beneficial actions of stimulant medications.

show abstract

Forced Circling in Monkeys Following Lesions of the Frontal Lobes

Cited by 135 publications

References 7 publications

Locomotor activity following lateral frontal lesions in Rhesus monkeys.

Locomotor activity following lateral frontal lesions in Rhesus monkeys.

Activity changes following sulcal, but not medial, ablation of the prefrontal cortex of the guinea pig

Stimulants: Therapeutic Actions in ADHD

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About