Forced-convection heat-transfer measurements with a molten fluoride salt mixture flowing in a smooth tube

Cooke, Jennifer; Cox, B.L.

doi:10.2172/4486196

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It was also found that "the overall heat transfer coefficient of the MSRE heat exchanger did not change during 22,000 h of salt circulation and 13,000 equivalent full-power hours of operation, thus indicating no buildup of scale and no evidence of gas filming" [49]. Detailed forcedconvection heat-transfer measurements confirmed this same behavior in out-of-pile tests with the MSBR fuel salt composition [50].…”

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 85%

An Overview of Liquid Fluoride Salt Heat Transport Systems

Holcomb¹,

Çetiner²

2010

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Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 85%

An Overview of Liquid Fluoride Salt Heat Transport Systems

Holcomb¹,

Çetiner²

2010

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“…Several earlier studies were performed to understand molten salt heat transfer in advanced reactors applications [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Hoffman [3] studied turbulent heat transfer for molten NaOH for Re~ 6000-12000 and concluded that heat .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hoffman and Cohen [7] studied molten NaNO 2 -NaNO 3 -KNO 3 (HTS) system for heat transfer behavior for Re ~ 4850-24710 and heat flux up to 614 kW/m 2 , and reported good agreement between their data and the Dittus-Boelter equation. Cooke and Cox [8] studied heat transfer for LiF-BeF 2 -ThF 4 -UF 4 within Re ~ 400-30600. Silverman et al [9] studied LiF-BeF 2 -ThF 4 -UF 4 and NaBF 4 -NaF (both reactor fuel salts) in the range of Re~ 1540-45000 and up to heat flux of 630 kW/m 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat transfer behavior of molten nitrate salt

Das

Clark

Teigen

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The usage of molten nitrate salt as heat transfer fluid and thermal storage medium decouples the generation of electricity from the variable nature of the solar resource, allowing CSP plants to avoid curtailment and match production with demand. This however brings some unique challenges for the design of the molten salt central receiver (MSCR). An aspect critical to the use of molten nitrate (60wt%/40wt% -NaNO 3 /KNO 3 ) salt as heat transfer fluid in the MSCR is to understand its heat transfer behavior. Alstom collaborated with the University of Wisconsin to conduct a series of experiments and experimentally determined the heat transfer coefficients of molten nitrate salt up to high Reynolds number (Re > 2.0E5) and heat flux (q″ > 1000 kW/m 2 ), conditions heretofore not reported in the literature. A cartridge heater instrumented with thermocouples was installed inside a stainless steel pipe to form an annular test section. The test section was installed in the molten salt flow loop at the University of Wisconsin facility, and operated over a range of test conditions to determine heat transfer data that covered the expected operating regime of a practical molten salt receiver. Heat transfer data were compared to widely accepted correlations found in heat transfer literature, including that of Gnielinski. At lower Reynolds number conditions, the results from this work concurred with the molten salt heat transfer data reported in literature and followed the aforementioned correlations. However, in the region of interest for practical receiver design, the correlations did not accurately model the experimentally determined heat transfer data. Two major effects were observed: (i) all other factors remaining constant, the Nusselt numbers gradually plateaued at higher Reynolds number; and (ii) at higher Reynolds number a positive interaction of heat flux on Nusselt number was noted. These effects are definitely not modeled by the existing correlations. In this paper a new Nusselt number correlation is shown to accurately model the experimental data. A theory to explain the heat transfer trends at higher Reynolds number and heat flux is proposed. Finally, the impact of these results on receiver design is discussed, with comparison between correlations available from literature and that proposed in this study.

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“…Paddle dryer is then given a more general name -paddle heat exchanger as its application is beyond the scope of drying. Although molten salt flow and heat transfer in simple ducts and some applications (e.g., solar thermal power systems) have been investigated extensively [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], no research on molten salt paddle heat exchangers is presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molten salt flow and heat transfer in paddle heat exchangers

Zhang¹,

Du²,

Liu³

et al. 2016

IJHT

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Constructal law has inspired a large amount of work in fluid flow and heat transfer analysis, design and optimization. In this paper the authors will investigate high temperature (~ 500℃ ) molten salt flow and heat transfer characteristics in paddle heat exchangers (more general name of paddle dryers) by invoking constructal law idea and CFD tools. The research shows that among three typical paddle-shaft structures, open hollow paddle-shaft structure transfers more heat than solid paddleshaft structure and closed hollow paddle-shaft structure for specified inclined angle of paddles and inlet flow rate. The performance superiority of open hollow paddle-shaft structure demonstrates the design optimization direction or constructal evolving direction. Next, under the constraint of the outside surface shape which is determined by the flow of outside materials, the effects of the open hole position, size, non-finned angle, as well as the pressure drop (in dimensionless form, Bejan number) on flow and heat transfer for open hollow paddles are calculated. There exists an open hole position at which pressure drop and heat transfer rate approach maximum simultaneously for specified flow rates. The flow rate and heat transfer rate increase significantly as the hole diameter increases. When the non-finned angle decreases, the heat transfer rate increases whereas the change of the flow rate is not monotonous. Finally, the comparison of original and modified rotary joints shows that internal heat insulation combined with external cooling reduces the average temperature in the sealing packing domain greatly which helps improve the sealing performance under high molten salt temperature conditions. The present work provides more insight in molten salt flow and heat transfer in paddle heat exchangers and provides reference data for design engineers.

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Forced-convection heat-transfer measurements with a molten fluoride salt mixture flowing in a smooth tube

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

An Overview of Liquid Fluoride Salt Heat Transport Systems

An Overview of Liquid Fluoride Salt Heat Transport Systems

Heat transfer behavior of molten nitrate salt

Molten salt flow and heat transfer in paddle heat exchangers

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