Forced Normalization

Pakalnis, Ann; Me, Drake; John, Kuruvilla; Jb, Kellum

doi:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520150039018

Cited by 79 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The reduction of seizure frequency and EEG normalisation as a cause of psychotic-like reactions in epileptic patients have been proposed by many authors 1. In our patient seizure cessation had a temporal sequence with development of psychosis and EEG normalisation.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

“…The acute appearance of psychosis on achievement of seizure control and normalisation of a previously abnormal EEG has long been recognised as a clinical entity termed “forced normalisation” 1. Focal and generalised epilepsies are both implicated 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focal and generalised epilepsies are both implicated 1. Most of the old and new antiepileptic drugs have been implicated in the emergence of psychosis with EEG normalisation 1…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute psychosis and EEG normalisation after vagus nerve stimulation

Gatzonis¹,

Stamboulis²,

Siafakas³

et al. 2000

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &Amp; Psychiatry

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supporting

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute psychosis and EEG normalisation after vagus nerve stimulation

Gatzonis¹,

Stamboulis²,

Siafakas³

et al. 2000

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &Amp; Psychiatry

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“…‘forced normalization’ [39]). Patients present delusions and religious, mystical experiences, but also paranoid hallucinatory symptoms [40, 41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients Evaluated for Chronic Epilepsy: A Differential Role of the Right Hemisphere?

et al. 2009

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Introduction: Psychiatric disorders are known to occur frequently in chronic epilepsy. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to regional cerebral dysfunction in patients admitted to a tertiary epilepsy center for epilepsy surgery. Methods: 217 patients were investigated. A presurgical workup was performed and allowed precise localization of the epileptogenic focus in 156 patients. Sixty-one patients had multifocal or generalized discharges. After 1–3 psychiatric interviews, a psychiatric diagnosis was made (DSM-IV classification). Results: Psychiatric comorbidity was found in 85 patients (39%), more often in those with right or bilateral hemispheric dysfunction (74%, p = 0.04) with no difference between temporal or extratemporal foci location frequency. Additionally, patients with psychiatric disorders were less likely to undergo epilepsy surgery compared to ‘epilepsy-only’ patients (p = 0.003), despite similar good outcome in patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusions: Right-sided or bilateral foci seem to represent a risk factor for psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy, although we did not find any particular association between a psychiatric syndrome and focus localization. Recognition and treatment of psychiatric comorbidity is of major importance since its presence may interfere with patient’s decision making for epilepsy surgery treatment.

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“…Some authors thus point to the fact that kindling in mesolimbic dopaminergic system (characteristic for schizophrenia) has a relationship of reciprocity with regard to similar EEG activity in temporal neocortex in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (Pakalnis et al, 1988).…”

Section: Relationship Between Epilepsy and Mental Illness: Implicatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation, Epileptiform Discharges and Chaos in the Brain: Toward a Neuroscientific Theory of Dissociation

Bob

2012

Act Nerv Super

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Dissociated states represent pathological conditions when psychological trauma may emerge in a variety of forms such as psychic dissociative symptoms or, on the contrary, as paroxysms or other somatoform symptoms. There is evidence that epileptic activity plays an important role in the generation of dissociative states and it is able to generate various psychopathological processes as well as a wide spectrum of somatic symptoms or seizures. For the explanation of these connections between dissociative states and epileptic discharges the author proposes a neuroscientific model of dissociation based on the theory of competitive neural assemblies which can lead to chaotic self-organization in brain neural networks. This model is suggested as an integrative view interconnecting the various psychopathological and somatoform manifestations of dissociative states and suggests further possibilities for future research regarding common pathogenic mechanisms among epilepsy and mental disorders.

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Forced Normalization

Cited by 79 publications

References 20 publications

Acute psychosis and EEG normalisation after vagus nerve stimulation

Acute psychosis and EEG normalisation after vagus nerve stimulation

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients Evaluated for Chronic Epilepsy: A Differential Role of the Right Hemisphere?

Dissociation, Epileptiform Discharges and Chaos in the Brain: Toward a Neuroscientific Theory of Dissociation

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