Ford P2000 Hydrogen Engine Dynamometer Development

Tang, Xiaoguo; Kabat, D. M.; Natkin, Robert J.; Stockhausen, William F.; Heffel, James W.

doi:10.4271/2002-01-0242

Cited by 146 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We can see from plots (b) and (c) that the net heat release is lower for the H 2 -air mixture because of the difference in the amount of unburned fuel. Tang et al [13] swept the equivalence ratio in a H 2 -air SI engine and found that the indicated efficiency dropped off at φ=0.22 due to increases in unburned hydrogen and increased burn duration. Another effect likely important for the experiments is that the highest rates of heat transfer occur in the boundary layer close to the wall, and due to the high compression ratio used for the H 2 -air mixture a larger portion of the mixture resides within the boundary layer, therefore higher heat transfer rates are expected [14].…”

Section: Model Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased efficiency in SI engine with air replaced by oxygen in argon mixture

Killingsworth

Rapp

Flowers

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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Basic engine thermodynamics predicts that spark ignited engine efficiency is a function of both the compression ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio of the working fluid. In practice the compression ratio of the engine is often limited due to knock. Both higher specific heat ratio and higher compression ratio lead to higher end gas temperatures and increase the likelihood of knock. In actual engine cycles, heat transfer losses increase at higher compression ratios and limit efficiency even when the knock limit is not reached. In this paper we investigate the role of both the compression ratio and the specific heat ratio on engine efficiency by conducting experiments comparing operation of a single-cylinder variable-compression-ratio engine with both hydrogen-air and hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures. For low load operation it is found that the hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures result in higher indicated thermal efficiencies.Peak efficiency for the hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures is found at compression ratio 5.5 whereas for the hydrogen-air mixture with an equivalence ratio of 0.24 the peak efficiency is found at compression ratio 13. We apply a three-zone model to help explain the effects of specific heat ratio and compression ratio on efficiency. Operation with hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures at low loads is more efficient because the lower compression ratio results in a substantially larger portion of the gas to reside in the adiabatic core rather than in the boundary layer and in the crevices, leading to less heat transfer and more complete combustion.

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Section: Model Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased efficiency in SI engine with air replaced by oxygen in argon mixture

Killingsworth

Rapp

Flowers

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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“…Some research has been done into using special crystalline materials to store hydrogen at greater densities and at lower pressures. [13] 3.1 Type of Fuel Delivery System [14] i) Port Injection System The port injection fuel delivery system injects fuel directly into the intake manifold at each intake port, rather than drawing fuel in at a central point. Typically, the hydrogen is injected into the manifold after the beginning of the intake stroke.…”

Section: Accessories That Complete the Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct comparison between the various studies have found compression ratio of approximately 14.5:1 to be optimal due to heat transfer losses at higher CR. [14,16]. Besides the increase in BTE, by increasing compression ratio, engines have higher efficiencies than gasoline engines at similar CR.…”

Section: Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Use in Internal Combustion Engine: A Review

Kumar¹,

Gupta²,

Kumar³

2015

The International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology

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“…Whilst practical hydrogen powered fuel cells are in development, hydrogen (either bi-fuel or fully) fuelled SI engines could provide an immediate solution based on current and well established technology (1) . Hydrogen fuelled SI engines are operated in lean combustion mode and without significant intake throttling, with the associated efficiency benefits and reduced NOx exhaust emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that hydrogen-air mixtures are more sensitive to these aspects than gasoline fuels (6), (10) , which has proven important since the equivalence ratio is also varied to control the load in hydrogen fuelled SI engines (1) . Hence, the influence of instability and thermo-diffusion must be considered for any model or correlation adopted to predict hydrogen fuelled combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulent and Stable/Unstable Laminar Burning Velocity Measurements from Outwardly Propagating Spherical Hydrogen-Air Flames at Elevated Pressures

Smallbone

Tsuneyoshi

Kitagawa

2006

JTST

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The laminar burning velocity of pre-mixed hydrogen-air mixtures was measured in a fan stirred combustion bomb. Unstretched laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths were obtained at 0.10MPa for equivalence ratios of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 using high speed flame imaging. The difficulties which arose whilst obtaining similar measurements at 0.25MPa and 0.50MPa are outlined. The turbulent burning velocity was measured at equivalence ratios of 0.4 and 0.8 from explosions carried out at 0.10MPa with turbulence intensities of 0.8 and 1.6m/s. Higher turbulent burning velocity ratios were observed for mixtures which yielded lower Markstein lengths in the laminar combustion experiments.

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Ford P2000 Hydrogen Engine Dynamometer Development

Cited by 146 publications

References 12 publications

Increased efficiency in SI engine with air replaced by oxygen in argon mixture

Increased efficiency in SI engine with air replaced by oxygen in argon mixture

Hydrogen Use in Internal Combustion Engine: A Review

Turbulent and Stable/Unstable Laminar Burning Velocity Measurements from Outwardly Propagating Spherical Hydrogen-Air Flames at Elevated Pressures

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