Forecasting and seismic detection of debris flows in pro-glacial rivers at Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA

Beason, Scott R.; Legg, Nicholas T.; Kenyon, Taylor; Jost, Robert P.; Kennard, Paul

doi:10.25676/11124/173232

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Geologically, they modify the landscape through erosion and deposition (Alley et al, 2019;Benn and Evans, 2010). Although these processes are typically slow, sudden episodes can occur such as moraine failure due to fluvial erosion resulting in catastrophic debris flows (Beason et al, 2018;Chiarle et al, 2007;O'Connor et al, 2001). Hydrologically, glaciers can be viewed as frozen reservoirs of water that naturally regulate streamflow on seasonal to decadal timescales (Dussaillant et al, 2019;Fountain and Tangborn, 1985;Moore et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields of the conterminous USA

Fountain,

Glenn,

Mcneil

2023

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. This report summarizes an updated inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields of the conterminous United States. The inventory is based on interpretation of mostly aerial imagery provided by the National Agricultural I magery Program, US Department of Agriculture, with some satellite imagery in places where aerial imagery was not suitable. The inventory includes all perennial snow and ice features ≥ 0.01 km2. Due to aerial survey schedules and seasonal snow cover, imageries acquired over a number of years were required. The earliest date is 2013 and the latest is 2020, but more than 73 % of the outlines were acquired from 2015 imagery. The inventory is compiled as shapefiles within a geographic information system that includes feature classification, area, and location. The inventory identified 1331 (366.52 ± 14.34 km2) glaciers, 1176 (31.01 ± 9.30 km2) perennial snowfields, and 35 (3.57 km2 ± no uncertainty) buried-ice features. The data including both the shapefiles and tabulated results are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.15760/geology-data.03 (Fountain and Glenn, 2022).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields of the conterminous USA

Fountain,

Glenn,

Mcneil

2023

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Recent Expansion of the Cascades Volcano Observatory Geophysical Network at Mount Rainier for Improved Volcano and Lahar Monitoring

Kramer,

Thelen,

Iezzi

et al. 2024

Seismological Research Letters

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The U.S. Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO) recently expanded its continuous geophysical monitoring at Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano in Washington state. CVO monitors volcanoes in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho to characterize volcanic systems and detect unrest. Mount Rainier has a history of large lahar occurrences in the Holocene, including at least one that may not have been associated with volcanic activity. Pierce County, Washington, is one of the areas most at risk from large lahars. In the 1990s, CVO collaborated with Pierce County to install the Rainier lahar detection system (RLDS), an automated system designed to detect large lahars in high-risk drainages and mitigate hazards to heavily populated areas. The system was designed to detect lahars within 5–10 min of their occurrence and alert authorities of the need to evacuate populated low-lying areas before lahar arrival. In addition, CVO and the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) maintained and expanded a network of seismic and geodetic monitoring stations on and near the edifice to provide adequate volcano monitoring capabilities. Since 2016, CVO has worked to upgrade the existing RLDS and to expand its capabilities into other drainages around Mount Rainier. This expansion includes installation of 25 new broadband seismic stations with many including infrasound along high-risk drainages, as well as support for equipment upgrades at existing PNSN and CVO volcano monitoring sites. All stations transmit continuous, near-real-time data with dramatically improved spatial coverage for volcano monitoring and lahar hazard mitigation compared to the previous system.

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Forecasting and seismic detection of debris flows in pro-glacial rivers at Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA

Cited by 2 publications

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Inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields of the conterminous USA

Inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields of the conterminous USA

Recent Expansion of the Cascades Volcano Observatory Geophysical Network at Mount Rainier for Improved Volcano and Lahar Monitoring

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