“…While some research on determinants of FX focused on the macroeconomic fundamentals (Dornbusch, 2019; Fratzscher, 2009; Morana, 2009; Pericoli & Taboga, 2012), many studies have found an unstable relationship between exchange rates and macroeconomic fundamentals (Bacchetta & van Wincoop, 2013; Beckmann & Czudaj, 2017; Krol, 2014). Some other studies investigated the levels of exchange rates where uncertainty also plays a role, as in the case of Brexit (Bartsch, 2019; Nasir, 2020; Nasir & Morgan, 2018) or for emerging markets (Abid, 2020; Bush & Noria, 2021) as well as developed economies (Grossmann et al, 2014; Murad, 2022; Smales, 2022). When the path of FX returns exhibits significant discontinuities, jumps are said to be observed in the FX market.…”