“…Indeed, volatility and volume series are nonlinear and it is appropriate to approximate their relationship using nonlinear intelligent techniques such as artificial neural networks. In addition, BPNN has proven its capability to outperform traditional GARCH family models in the prediction of volatility (Hamid & Iqbal, 2004, Roh, 2007, Bildirici & Ersin, 2009Hung, 2011, Wang et al, 2011, Hajizadeh, 2012.…”