Foregut cysts of the mediastinum

Primary Tumors of the Middle and Posterior Mediastinum

“…Congenital foregut cysts include bronchogenic, esophageal duplication, and neurenteric cysts and represent the most common mediastinal cysts, accounting for approximately 20% of mediastinal masses. [5][6][7] Bronchogenic cysts constitute 50 to 60% of all mediastinal cysts while enterogenous cysts, which include esophageal duplication and neurenteric cysts, represent 5 to 10% and 2 to 5%, respectively. Up to 20% of mediastinal foregut cysts lack specific histologic features of the cyst lining to allow further classification, possibly because of prior infection or hemorrhage, 6 and are termed nonspecific or indeterminate cysts.…”

“…Up to 20% of mediastinal foregut cysts lack specific histologic features of the cyst lining to allow further classification, possibly because of prior infection or hemorrhage, 6 and are termed nonspecific or indeterminate cysts. [7][8][9] Foregut cysts are thought to arise as a result of abnormal development of the primitive foregut. Bronchogenic cysts may result from aberrant budding of the ventral foregut which develops into the tracheobronchial tree, and the enterogenous cysts are thought to arise from the dorsal division "destined" to become the alimentary tract.…”

“…14 Patients may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally or may present with symptoms of varying severity. 7 Bleeding, infection or epithelial secretions may cause mediastinal cyst enlargement and symptomatic compression of the aerodigestive tract, 5 therefore "watchful waiting" 14 is discouraged. 11 Twothirds of patients eventually develop symptoms, 14 most commonly from airway or esophageal obstruction.…”

Laparoscopic resection of esophageal duplication cyst in an adult

“…8 CT scanning is not very reliable in differentiating esophageal duplication cysts from other mediastinal cysts. 8,9 However, EUS can facilitate accurate preoperative diagnosis of an esophageal duplication cyst, differentiating it from other mediastinal cysts. 9,10 In most patients the cyst lumen appears to be filled with a relatively echogenic material.…”

Intramural esophageal bronchogenic cysts: a review of the literature

“…7 The characteristics of the mucoid material in the cyst, the type of epithelial lining and the structures in the wall are the pathological diagnostic criteria determining a respiratory or enteric origin. 13 However, infection or fistulization can destroy the mucosa and make diagnosis difficult or impossible. 7 Bronchogenic cysts are the one of the most common broncho-pulmonary foregut malformations, usually occurring along the tracheobronchial tree in the mediastinum at the early stage of gestation or in the lung parenchyma at a later stage of gestation.…”