Foreign body reaction to biomaterials

Abstract

The foreign body reaction composed of macrophages and foreign body giant cells is the end-stage response of the inflammatory and wound healing responses following implantation of a medical device, prosthesis, or biomaterial. A brief, focused overview of events leading to the foreign body reaction is presented. The major focus of this review is on factors that modulate the interaction of macrophages and foreign body giant cells on synthetic surfaces where the chemical, physical, and morphological characteristics of the synthetic surface are considered to play a role in modulating cellular events. These events in the foreign body reaction include protein adsorption, monocyte/ macrophage adhesion, macrophage fusion to form foreign body giant cells, consequences of the foreign body response on biomaterials, and cross-talk between macrophages

In Vivo Host Response and Degradation of Copolymer Scaffolds Functionalized with Nanodiamonds and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2

“…Neutrophils are the fi rst line of defense in an infl ammatory reaction, [ 31 ] and they were seen in all scaffold groups, suggesting that the host response was in an early/acute infl ammatory stage during the fi rst week. However, a signifi cant increase in neutrophils was seen in the PLCL scaffolds at week 1 relative to the other scaffolds.…”

“…[ 38 ] PLCL scaffold being relatively hydrophobic (around 80°, measured by water contact angle), [ 39 ] these scaffolds would also have greater affi nity for body fl uid proteins than the modifi ed scaffolds, which might lead to conformational changes in the proteins due to the hydrophobic interactions that are thought to be responsible for recruiting infl ammatory cells and causing a pronounced foreign body reaction. [ 31,40 ] After week 8, the majority of cells seen in all specimens were mononuclear and giant cells, representing the typical foreign body response to biomaterials. The formation of FBGC is through the fusion of macrophages adherent to the implanted scaffold.…”

Zinc‐Modified Sulfonated Polyetheretherketone Surface with Immunomodulatory Function for Guiding Cell Fate and Bone Regeneration

“…However, the first host response to implants is an innate immune response (foreign body reaction) 5. Several types of immune cells are sequentially recruited to the implant site and trigger immune reactions.…”

Cytokine expression profile in the bone‐anchored hearing system: 12‐week results from a prospective randomized, controlled study

“…For instance, inflammatory cells produce cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), which are involved in regulating the immune response and wound healing. It has been hypothesized that several factors affect the biological response to implants; they include the surgical trauma, the shape and chemical characteristics of the material and the host tissue itself 8, 9. In addition, shear stress concentration in the mobile skin interfacing the rigid abutment may lead to micro‐trauma and cell damage, resulting in a prolonged inflammatory state in the peri‐abutment skin 10, 11.…”