Foreign Object Detection for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging

Xia, Jinglin; Yuan, Xinmei; Li, Jun; Lu, Shaoyong; Cui, Xinxu; Li, Siqi; Fernández‐Ramírez, Luis M.

doi:10.3390/electronics9050805

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Detection methods based on the coupling effect with auxiliary circuit have effective detection sensitivity compared to other detection methods. The Table 17 shows sensors and related detection parameters being used in the FOD [238] Among them the active detection methods are implemented before or during charging being suitable for both MOD and LOD. The passive detection techniques are appropriate for MOD and can only be executed while charging.…”

Section: Living Object Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, sensitivity effective than the other methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the detection methods are categorized in Table 18 [238] The authors in [239], suggested research areas for development of FOD: (a) combination of two different detection methods would improve the sensitivity, accuracy, signal-to-noise ratio, and object localization, (b) A method that can detect both living and metal objects simultaneously are not influenced by environment and conductive materials, (c) The EMI/EMC issues in FOD detection, and (d) automatically removing foreign objects without human intervention.…”

Section: Living Object Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Bharatiraja²,

2021

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Considering a future scenario in which a driverless Electric Vehicle (EV) needs an automatic charging system without human intervention. In this regard, there is a requirement for a fully automatable, fast, safe, cost-effective, and reliable charging infrastructure that provides a profitable business model and fast adoption in the electrified transportation systems. These qualities can be comprehended through wireless charging systems. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a futuristic technology with the advantage of flexibility, convenience, safety, and the capability of becoming fully automated. In WPT methods resonant inductive wireless charging has to gain more attention compared to other wireless power transfer methods due to high efficiency and easy maintenance. This literature presents a review of the status of Resonant Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging technology also highlighting the present status and its future of the wireless EV market. First, the paper delivers a brief history throw lights on wireless charging methods, highlighting the pros and cons. Then, the paper aids a comparative review of different type's inductive pads, rails, and compensations technologies done so far. The static and dynamic charging techniques and their characteristics are also illustrated. The role and importance of power electronics and converter types used in various applications are discussed. The batteries and their management systems as well as various problems involved in WPT are also addressed. Different trades like cyber security economic effects, health and safety, foreign object detection, and the effect and impact on the distribution grid are explored. Prospects and challenges involved in wireless charging systems are also highlighting in this work. We believe that this work could help further the research and development of WPT systems..

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Section: Living Object Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Living Object Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Bharatiraja²,

2021

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“…or have discussed the reduction of efficiency and quality factor at fixed operating frequencies [5][6][7][8][9]. In addition to enabling power transmission in systems with fixed obstacles, it is also important to restore the system's output and transmission efficiency when an unknown obstacle is suddenly located [10][11][12]. Due to the characteristics of the MRWPT operating at the resonant frequency, the influence of the obstacle will show various aspects according to its electrical/magnetic properties, but the effect of these properties on the resonant frequency or output power has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Electro-Magnetic Properties of Obstacles in Magnetic Resonant Wireless Power Transfer

Lee

Park

2021

Energies

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Magnetic resonant wireless power transmission (MRWPT) is a method of transmitting power over a long distance at a specific frequency. Because this system uses an alternating magnetic field, if an object with electrical/magnetic properties is placed between the transmit and receive coils, this will have a significant impact on the power transfer. In this paper, the effect of an obstacle located between two coils on the resonance frequency and transmission power is analyzed. A wireless power transmission system with a resonant frequency of 20 kHz was designed, and ferrite, aluminum, and carbon steel were selected as obstacles with permeability or conductivity. After simulating the system with finite element analysis (FEA) with these obstacles, the results were verified through actual experiments. The results show that the permeability of the obstacle decreases the resonant frequency, and the conductivity increases the resonant frequency and greatly reduces the output power. In addition, part of reduced output could be recovered by adjusting the frequency.

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“…In 2010, the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) led the wireless power transfer and alignment task force and began research and standardization of WPT technology [8]. Researchers from major automotive manufacturers and charging infrastructure suppliers [9] wished to develop WPT technology suitable for EVs while participating in the EV WPT standardization. The primary goal of the development of WPT for the EVs in its early stages was to ensure the safety of users during the implementation of WPT and maximizing the charging efficiency of wireless charging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Precise Positioning for an Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer System Using a Ferrite Antenna

Seong

Lee

2020

Electronics

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In the last decade, engineers from automotive manufacturers and charging infrastructure suppliers have widely studied the application of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology to electric vehicles. Since this time, engineers from automotive manufacturers have studied precise positioning methods suitable for WPT using methods such as mechanical, communication-based or video-based. However, due to high costs, electromagnetic interference and environmental factors, the experts of the SAE J2954 was focused on the WPT’s precise positioning method by ferrite antennas and low power excitation. In this study, we present how to use the ferrite antennas to find a central alignment point between the primary and secondary units within the alignment tolerance area that requires the minimum power transfer efficiency of the EV WPT system. First, we analyze the ferrite antenna already applied in the automotive and verifies whether it is suitable for the precise positioning of the WPT system for EV. We use modeling and simulation to show that it is necessary to calculate all induced loop voltages in the relationship between incident magnetic field signal strength and induced loop voltage because of the short distance between the transmitter and receiver of the ferrite antenna in WPT. In addition, we also suggest a sequence to find the fitting location of the ferrite antenna, the number of antennas used and the center alignment point. After the simulation is performed on the suggestions, component-level and vehicle-level tests were conducted to verify the validity of the simulation results. As a result, it is shown that a ferrite antenna is suitable as a method for the secondary device to find the center alignment point of the primary device.

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Foreign Object Detection for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging

Cited by 40 publications

References 95 publications

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Effects of Electro-Magnetic Properties of Obstacles in Magnetic Resonant Wireless Power Transfer

A Study on Precise Positioning for an Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer System Using a Ferrite Antenna

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