Foreign Practices in Using Household Wastewater for Irrigation

Abstract

Purpose: analysis of foreign practices in the use of treated household wastewater in irrigation reclamation. The usage of household wastewater in irrigation is widespread in regions with a shortage of water resources, as well as an arid climate. These are India, Italy, France, Spain, Israel, Jordan, USA, Poland, Africa, as well as Central, South and Southeast Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia and Vietnam). Discussions. Currently, there is a significant increase of household wastewater volume, and the use of treated wastewater for agricultural production is a common practice throughout the world. In Europe, 964 million m³/year of treated wastewater is used in agriculture, 347 million m³/year is used in Spain and 233 million m³/year in Italy. The wastewater reuse in Latin America is confirmed by the presence of large areas irrigated with both purified and unpurified household wastewater. When irrigating vegetable crops with purified household wastewater in the Middle East countries, the development of pathogenic organisms that pose a threat to human health was not observed. Conclusion. The use of treated wastewater for irrigation solves the problem of water shortage, their utilization, has a positive effect on soil physical and chemical characteristics, the plant growth and development, helps to reduce the cost of crop production by 10–20 %, which is a decisive argument in favor of household wastewater irrigation. Besides, the use of wastewater in irrigation reclamation, saves from 25 to 50 % of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and increases crop yields by 15–27 % compared to irrigation with ordinary water.

Simulation of the Waste Water Purification System of Livestock Farms Based on Petri Nets

“…Деятельность животноводческих производств является на текущий момент основной угрозой для экологии, так как побочные продукты их деятельности значительно загрязняют экосистему. [4,5,6].…”