Purpose: increasing the efficiency of monitoring the land resources state and managing fertility using a geoinformation database in precision farming. Materials and Methods: the basis for filling the agricultural geoinformation database of Rostov region (SHGBD RO) was the archival data of various scientific and design institutes from 1976 to 2020. The soil reclamation surveys data (particle size distribution, agrochemical, physicochemical and water-physical indicators) were used, as well as materials of large-scale soil reclamation surveys carried out on the reconstructed irrigation systems and irrigation areas. Results: the developed system is intended to provide the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and subordinate organizations with operational, relevant and reliable information on agricultural land and provide agricultural producers with reliable information on the content of humus, phosphorus and potassium in various points of the agricultural field. The developed database provides collection, storage, replenishment, documents formation, processing and presentation analytical information used in decision-making in the field of state monitoring to users and directly by agricultural producers. Conclusions: SHGBD RO proposed by the authors for the implementation. will not only solve the problems of state lands monitoring, but also satisfy the needs of agricultural producers in the implementation of differentiated fertilization, which will make it possible to reduce the cost of fertilizers and subsequently increase the production profitability.

Purpose: to assess soil degradation factor on the example of agricultural lands of Rassvet LLC, Kuibyshevskiy district, Rostov region, by agrochemical soil indicators. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the soils of Rassvet LLC of Kuiby-shevskiy district Rostov region, which can be classified as typical for the region, the Priazovskaya natural and agricultural zone. The targeted survey on three types of soil degradation was conducted. The following agrochemical indicators were determined in the selected composite and point samples: the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, the content of organic matter. The soil degradation factor was assessed by comparing the actual state with the “reference” one. Results: based on the results of the research, the humus, phosphorus, potassium content cartograms were built, and differentiated cartograms were built using ArcGIS software, which allow developing recommendations for differentiated fertilization. Conclusions. In fact, 50 % of soils in the study area have a low humus content in accordance with the accepted classification, but at the same time, they are classified as slightly degraded in accordance with the degradation factor calculation on average on the farm. According to the content of exchangeable potassium and mobile phosphorus, the soils are not degraded. Attention is drawn to the discrepancies in the determining degradation factors in different sources and radically different approaches. Data interpretation on the fertility indicator is difficult due to the fact that regional standards differ in different sources. Thus, studies in the field of soil degradation are of direct practical importance and should be directed primarily to the development of methods for rational land use and soil protection and regulatory documents in the field of land degradation that define a unified approach.

Purpose: analysis of foreign practices in the use of treated household wastewater in irrigation reclamation. The usage of household wastewater in irrigation is widespread in regions with a shortage of water resources, as well as an arid climate. These are India, Italy, France, Spain, Israel, Jordan, USA, Poland, Africa, as well as Central, South and Southeast Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia and Vietnam). Discussions. Currently, there is a significant increase of household wastewater volume, and the use of treated wastewater for agricultural production is a common practice throughout the world. In Europe, 964 million m³/year of treated wastewater is used in agriculture, 347 million m³/year is used in Spain and 233 million m³/year in Italy. The wastewater reuse in Latin America is confirmed by the presence of large areas irrigated with both purified and unpurified household wastewater. When irrigating vegetable crops with purified household wastewater in the Middle East countries, the development of pathogenic organisms that pose a threat to human health was not observed. Conclusion. The use of treated wastewater for irrigation solves the problem of water shortage, their utilization, has a positive effect on soil physical and chemical characteristics, the plant growth and development, helps to reduce the cost of crop production by 10–20 %, which is a decisive argument in favor of household wastewater irrigation. Besides, the use of wastewater in irrigation reclamation, saves from 25 to 50 % of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and increases crop yields by 15–27 % compared to irrigation with ordinary water.

Российский научно-исследовательский институт проблем мелиорации, Новочеркасск, Российская Федерация ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ФИЛЬТРОВАЛЬНО-СОРБЦИОННОЙ ЗАГРУЗКИ ПРИ ОЧИСТКЕ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД Целью исследования являлось определение эффективности очистки подземных вод через фильтровально-сорбционную загрузку за счет выбора оптимального соотношения ее компонентов и высоты загрузки. Материалы и методы: в качестве компонентов фильтровально-сорбционной загрузки использовался окатанный (природный) кварцевый песок с размером фракций 0,8-2,0 мм и активированный уголь на каменноугольной основе с размером фракций 1,5-2,8 мм, а также использовались различные соотношения данных компонентов с различной высотой загрузки. Результаты и обсуждения: анализ экспериментальных данных устанавливает наличие функциональной связи между несколькими вариантами соотношения компонентов фильтрационной загрузки и ее высотой. Полученные экспериментальные зависимости показывают при какой загрузке фильтра и высоте загрузки наиболее эффективно происходил процесс очистки подземной воды. При максимальной высоте загрузки 0,8 м эффективность очистки воды повышается до 99 %, но снижается скорость фильтрования до 0,7 м/ч. Выводы: по отношению к исходной подземной воде при всех вариантах соотношения фильтровальной загрузки наблюдается снижение концентрации железа с 0,64 до 0,18 миллиграмма на кубический дециметр, марганца с 2,25 до 0,38 миллиграмма на кубический дециметр, жесткости с 22,6 до 18,2 °Ж и взвешенных веществ с 1,2 до 1,1 миллиграмма на кубический дециметр. Это обосновывает эффективность разработанной фильтровально-сорбционной загрузки. В результате проведенных исследований высокая эффективность очистки наблюдалась при соотношении загрузки 3:1. Снижение концентрации железа достигало 72 %, марганца-86 %, жесткости-30 %, взвешенных веществ-10 %. Проведенные опыты показали, что снижение в воде количества железа, марганца и взвешенных веществ зависит от высоты фильтровальной загрузки и скорости фильтрования. Таким образом, оптимальным вариантом является высота загрузки от 0,5 до 0,7 м со скоростью фильтрования от 3,7 до 2,4 м/ч при соотношении 3:1. Ключевые слова: подземные воды; минерализация; фильтровально-сорбционная загрузка; кварцевый песок; активированный уголь; сорбция; аэрация.

No abstract