Forensic Applications of IR Spectral Data at Macro and Micro Levels: A Study on Plastic Packages

As far as illicit drugs are concerned, drug profiling utilizing various analytical methods to trace the origin, manufacturing process and distribution chain is a key element in forensic intelligence. Setting aside the practical use of drug profiles, forensic laboratory findings with close reference to that of illicit heroin could also provide metaphyiscal insights about the nature of such intelligence work. The metaphysical nature, if appreciated, provides grounds for further scientific hypotheses that can be validated by logic and observation. Thus, both forensic science and metaphysics adopt an important role in forensic drug intelligence. Hence, it is worth examining the underlying metaphysical nature that governs the intelligence work through forensic science in the effort to counteract drug trafficking. Metaphysical explanations relating to the scientific evidence of drug profiling are integrated in this review, which focuses on the basic notion, law of identity, causality, necessity and holarchy, all of which essentially constitute philosophical bases for forensic intelligence and drug profiling. By expounding on these five aspects, much of the published work pertaining to illicit heroin profiling is used to reify the core concepts for better comprehension.

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“…The details are the actual identity of the final group. Profiling of receptacles and ecstasy pills typically follows this scheme [14][15][16] .…”

Section: Forensic Intelligence Stems From Basic Notionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking at forensic intelligence from the metaphysical perspective: citing illicit heroin profiling as an example

Chan

Tan

Wong

2012

Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…In the field of forensic science, the infrared spectrum has been widely used in the examination and identification of various kinds of physical evidence [9,10]. Nam et al [11] tested 63 ink samples from black ballpoint pens using infrared spectroscopy to determine the order of the intersection of two ballpoint pen signatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid and nondestructive approach for forensic identification of car bumper splinters using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics

Wei

Wang

2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The proper identification of car bumper splinters at hit‐and‐run crime scenes is imperative to forensic investigations, as splinters yield crucial pieces of vehicle information that can lead to subsequent investigation resolution and criminal justice. A method based on attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) combined with Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) and support vector machine (SVM) is reported to classify car bumper splinters. The FDA and SVM models were constructed based on full spectrum, fingerprint spectrum, and characteristic spectrum data from 156 car bumper splinter samples. The characteristic spectrum data were extracted by principal component analysis. The classification results for different types of data were compared, and the classification models were analyzed. In the FDA, the model based on the spectral data of the characteristic spectrum yielded the highest classification accuracy, and the classification accuracy based on 10 brands was 88.5%. For polypropylene type; polypropylene, talcum powder, and calcium carbonate type; and polypropylene and talcum powder type bumper samples, the classification accuracy rate reached 97.4%. The classification results were ideal for the SVM, for 10 brands and 3 types of samples, the classification accuracy of the model constructed based on both full spectrum and characteristic spectrum data reached 100%. The results suggest that the SVM model is superior to the FDA model. The SVM model is also suitable for the classification of high‐dimensional data. ATR‐FTIR combined with the chemometrics methods of FDA and SVM is a rapid, nondestructive, and accurate method for the differentiation of car bumper splinters.

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Forensic Chemistry

Rowe

2015

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Forensic chemistry, the application of chemistry to the law, is used to assist courts in the interpretation of the relevancy of scientific findings obtained from the examination of physical evidence, most of which is organic in nature. Chemical forensic testing, which may involve forensic toxicology, identification of solid drug samples, or trace analysis by means of modern instrumental analysis techniques, is described. In forensic toxicology, samples from a biological source are screened to confirm the presence of alcohol or drugs. Immunoassays combined with chromatographic techniques are most often employed. Solid‐dose drug samples are first subjected to the older spot and microcrystalline tests. Common drugs of abuse are discussed. Trace evidence, a generic term for microscopic physical evidence, may be examined by various microscopic techniques. Forensic serology, the characterization of blood, DNA, and other biological materials are presented and discussed.

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Forensic Applications of IR Spectral Data at Macro and Micro Levels: A Study on Plastic Packages

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Looking at forensic intelligence from the metaphysical perspective: citing illicit heroin profiling as an example

Looking at forensic intelligence from the metaphysical perspective: citing illicit heroin profiling as an example

A rapid and nondestructive approach for forensic identification of car bumper splinters using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics

Forensic Chemistry

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