“…Linkage disequilibrium (LD) tests between all pairs of STR loci were performed using Arlequin v3.5.2 software (Excoffier & Lischer, ). To measure interpopulation differentiation, pairwise F ST values and corresponding p ‐values were calculated by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using Arlequin v3.5.2 software between the Shanghai_Han population and 23 other populations in mainland China for which data were available, including the Liaoning_Han (Xiao, Yu, & Zhou, ), Shandong_Han (Han et al, ), Henan_Han (Shen et al, ), Guanzhong_Han (Zhang, Tang, et al, ), Ningxia_Han (Wang, Liao, et al, ), Hunan_Han (Guo et al, ), Chengdu_Han (Li et al, ), Guangdong_Han (Lu, Qiu, Liu, Du, & Chen, ), Hainan_Han (Guo, Wang, Liu, Liu, & Deng, ), Xinjiang_Kazak (Yuan, Wang, et al, ), Xinjiang_Kyrgyz (Guo et al, ), Xinjiang_Uygur (Guo et al, ), Xinjiang_Xibe (Meng et al, ), Inner Mongolian_Russian (Wang, Shen, et al, ), Mongolian (Gao et al, ), Gansu_Yugu (Zhang, Ma, Sun, Yang, & Luo, ), Gansu_Tibetan (Zang et al, ), Qinghai_Salar (Teng et al, ), Hubei_Tujia (Yuan et al, ), Fujian_She (Yuan, Ou, et al, ), Yunnan_Bai (Shen et al, ), Yunnan_Yi (Zhu et al, ), and Hainan_Li (Guo, Guo, et al, ) populations. SPSS 24 software (IBM Corp, ) was used to create a multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot on the basis of pairwise overall F ST values.…”