Foreskin development in 10 421 Chinese boys aged 0–18 years

Yang, Chao; Liu, Xing; Wei, Guanghui

doi:10.1007/s12519-009-0060-z

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These rates are higher when evaluating children aged 1-9 years, of whom 5.8% were circumcised in a 9-year period. These numbers are similar to what was previously reported: 5 to 10% of children required circumcision (9,10) . It is important to reinforce that there are several difficulties and limitations for people who seek a specialist in SUS (11) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Circuncisão por motivos médicos no sistema público de saúde do Brasil: epidemiologia e tendências

Korkes

Pompeo

2012

Einstein (São Paulo)

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Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological factors associated to medical circumcision, based on data from the Brazilian public health system. Methods: Using the Unified Health System public database between 1984 and 2010, hospital admissions associated with surgical treatment of phimosis were searched. A total of 668,818 men admitted to public hospitals who underwent circumcision were identified and included in the present study. Results: A mean±standard deviation of 47.8±13.4 circumcisions/100,000 men/year was performed through the Unified Health System for medical reasons. During the 27-year period evaluated, 1.3% of the male population required circumcision for medical reasons. Total number of circumcisions and circumcision rate increased in childhood, declined progressively after 5 years of age and rose again progressively after the sixth decade of life. In the regions of the country with better access to healthcare, 5.8% of boys aged 1 to 9 years old required circumcisions. From 1992 to 2010 there were 63 deaths associated with circumcisions (mortality rate of 0.013%). Conclusion: In conclusion, yearly circumcision rates could be estimated in Brazil, and a very low mortality rate was associated with this procedures. Circumcision is mostly performed in children in the first decade of life and a second peak of incidence of penile foreskin diseases occurs after the sixth decade of life, when circumcision is progressively performed again.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Circuncisão por motivos médicos no sistema público de saúde do Brasil: epidemiologia e tendências

Korkes

Pompeo

2012

Einstein (São Paulo)

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“…Consistently, the prepuce is unretractable in almost 100% of infants vs. less than 5% of children approaching puberty. [5,6] The reasons for improvement are as follows: 1) The prepuce is sensitive to androgens and the preputial outlet becomes wider once testosterone production starts; 2) In all neonates the skin is fused to the glans (balano-preputial adhesions) and the skin detaches as the latter produces a substance known as smegma, that accumulates between the skin and glans. The accumulating smegma can form "white cysts" under the skin that often prompt surgical consultation, but in fact do not need any treatment.…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Benign penile skin anomalies in children: a primer for pediatricians

et al. 2015

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Background: Abnormalities involving the skin coverage of the penis are diffi cult to defi ne, but they can significantly alter penile appearance, and be a cause of parental concern.Data sources: The present review was based on a nonsystematic search of the English language medical literature using a combination of key words including "penile skin anomalies" and the specific names of the different conditions.Results: Conditions were addressed in the following order, those mainly affecting the prepuce (phimosis, balanitis xerotica obliterans, balanitis, paraphimosis), those which alter penile configuration (inconspicuous penis and penile torsion), and lastly focal lesions (cysts, nevi and vascular lesions). Most of these anomalies are congenital, have no or minimal influence on urinary function, and can be detected on clinical examination. Spontaneous improvement is possible. In the majority of cases undergoing surgery, the potential psychological implications of genital malformation on patient development are the main reason for treatment, and the age generally recommended for surgery is after 12 months of age. Conclusion:This review provides the pediatrician with a handy tool to identify the most common penile skin anomalies, counsel parents adequately, make sensible and evidence based choices for management, and recognize complications or untoward outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. World J Pediatr March 2015; Online First

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“…The separation of the prepuce/glans penis mucosa is usually complete by about 17 years of age. Studies have confirmed that preputial non-separation (adhesions) is very common in children and teenagers but resolves over time [3,6,7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Religious circumcision is practiced in the Jews and the Muslims. Definite medical indications for circumcision in children include pathological phimosis; paraphimosis; recurrent balanitis; Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO); recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and benign and malignant lesions of prepuce [3]. In Japan and Canada [4,5], surgeons do not advocate routine neonatal circumcision while studies from Sub-Saharan Africa report increased acceptance of circumcision.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%