Forest area and connectivity influence root‐associated fungal communities in a fragmented landscape

Vannette, Rachel L.; Leopold, Devin R.; Fukami, Tadashi

doi:10.1002/ecy.1472

Cited by 42 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In nature, plant species co-occur locally with different degrees of aggregation (Benot et al, 2013). Some authors have tested the effect of isolation between host plants (Peay et al, 2010;Vannette et al, 2016), or host plant patch sizes (Mangan et al, 2004;Grilli et al, 2012), but the transposition of these predictions has only rarely been made at the smaller plant community scale (but see Batten et al, 2006 in the context of invasive plant species). between plant patches of different species).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of floristic composition and configuration on plant root mycobiota: a landscape transposition at a small scale

et al. 2019

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Fungal communities in the root endosphere are heterogeneous at fine scale. The passenger hypothesis assumes that this heterogeneity is driven by host plant distribution. Plant composition and host plant configuration should then influence root fungal assemblages.We used a large-scale experimental design of 25 mixtures of grassland plants. We sampled Brachypodium pinnatum in each mesocosm, and used amplicon mass-sequencing to analyze the endospheric mycobiota. We used plant distribution maps to assess plant species richness and evenness (heterogeneity of composition), and patch size and the degree of isolation of B. pinnatum (heterogeneity of configuration) on fungal community assembly.The Glomeromycotina community in B. pinnatum roots was not related to either floristic heterogeneity or productivity. For Ascomycota, the composition of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was driven by plant evenness while OTU richness decreased with plant richness. For Basidiomycota, richness increased with host plant aggregation and connectivity. Plant productivity influenced Ascomycota, inducing a shift in OTU composition and decreasing evenness.Plant heterogeneity modified root mycobiota, with potential direct (i.e. host preference) and indirect (i.e. adaptations to abiotic conditions driven by plant occurrence over time) effects. Plant communities can be envisioned as microlandscapes consisting of a variety of fungal niches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of floristic composition and configuration on plant root mycobiota: a landscape transposition at a small scale

et al. 2019

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“…Fragmentation and loss of forest land are considered the greatest threat to global biological diversity in national parks [58]. Fragmentation isolates the patches and negatively impacts species composition due to a reduction in forest area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Criteria Assessment of Land Cover Dynamic Changes in Halgurd Sakran National Park (HSNP), Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Hamad

Balzter

Kolo

2017

Land

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Halgurd Sakran National Park (HSNP) is Iraq's first designated national park, located in the Kurdistan Region, which has suffered multiple armed conflicts over the past decades. This study assesses how vegetation dynamics have affected the landscape structure and composition of the core zone of the park over the last 31 years. Spatio-temporal changes in land cover were mapped for three points in time using remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and landscape metrics. Land cover changes were mapped using random forest classifications of satellite images from Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Landsat 8 LDCM acquired in 1984, 1998, and 2015. Five landscape pattern metrics were analysed at class and landscape levels in order to quantify landscape patterns arising from land use and land cover (LULC) change in HSNP using FRAGSTATS 4.2. These landscape pattern metrics were patch metrics, area metrics, shape metrics interspersion/juxtaposition and contagion metrics and diversity metrics. Significant changes in cultivated areas after 1991 were observed, which indicate the role of anthropogenic activities in land cover change. Areas of bare surface and forest lands declined and became more fragmented in 1984 and 1998 while, at the same time, cultivated areas increased, with a continuing fragmentation of pasture land. Internal migration of people was one of the major drivers of LULC change. The results reveal that significant LULC changes in terms of composition and spatial structure over the 31-year period have occurred in the designated protected area. Landscape metrics were able to assess the trend of spatial patchiness over the studied period. A discussion of the significance of changes in land use systems for understanding the causes and consequences of change is provided.

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“…All these factors alter the landscape structure with its components [14][15][16]. Biological diversity in a landscape generally declines as fragmentation progresses, when the species extinction rate increases as a result of reducing habitat area and habitat connectivity, thus the species immigration rate will decrease [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their management and planning are significant for protecting green belts that can have a major recreation function, especially green corridors along roads [20]. Reductions in habitat areas and connectivity disturb the biodiversity (flora and fauna) [17]. The purpose of the habitat corridor connectivity to allow organisms in a protected area of land is to migrate from one land area to another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-War Land Cover Changes and Fragmentation in Halgurd Sakran National Park (HSNP), Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Hamad

Kolo

Balzter

2018

Land

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Context:The fundamental driving force of land use and land cover (LULC) change is related to spatial and temporal processes caused by human activities such as agricultural expansion and demographic change. Landscape metrics were used to analyze post-war changes in a rural mountain landscape, the protected area of Halgurd-Sakran National Park (HSNP) in north-east Iraq. Therefore, the present work attempts to identify the temporal trends of the most fragmented land cover types between two parts of the national park. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to compare two land cover classification algorithms, maximum likelihood classification (MLC) and random forest (RF) in the upper and lower parts of HSCZ, and to examine whether landscape configuration in the park has changed over time by comparing the fragmentation, connectivity and diversity of LULC classes. Methods: Two Landsat images were used to analyze LULC fragmentation and loss of habitat connectivity (before and after the Fall of Baghdad in 2003). Seven landscape pattern metrics, percentage of land (PLAND), number of patch (NP), largest patch index (LPI), mean patch size (MPS), euclidian nearest neighborhood distance (ENN_AM), interspersion and juxtaposition (IJI) and cohesion at class level were selected to assess landscape composition and configuration. Results: A significant change in LULC classes was noticed in the lower part of the park, especially for pasture, cultivated and forest-lands. The fragmentation trends and their changes were observed in both parts of the park, however, more were observed in the lower part. The inherent causes of these changes are the socio-economic factors created by the 1991-2003 UN post-war economic sanctions. The changes increased during sanctions and decreased afterwards. The fall of Baghdad in 2003, followed by rapid economic boom, marked the greatest cause in land use change, especially in changes-susceptible cultivated areas. Conclusions: Shrinkage of forest patches in the lower part of the park increases the distance between them, which contributes to a decline in biological diversity from decreasing habitat area. Lastly, the results confirm the applicability of the combined method of remote sensing and landscape metrics.

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Forest area and connectivity influence root‐associated fungal communities in a fragmented landscape

Cited by 42 publications

References 65 publications

Effect of floristic composition and configuration on plant root mycobiota: a landscape transposition at a small scale

Effect of floristic composition and configuration on plant root mycobiota: a landscape transposition at a small scale

Multi-Criteria Assessment of Land Cover Dynamic Changes in Halgurd Sakran National Park (HSNP), Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Post-War Land Cover Changes and Fragmentation in Halgurd Sakran National Park (HSNP), Kurdistan Region of Iraq

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