“…This complex relationship has been documented in human-environment literature. Among these are population growth and population density (Allan and Barnes 1985;Cropper and Griffiths 1994;Mather and Needle 2000;Geist and Lambin 2002;Carr et al 2005), wood extraction-commercial, fuelwood, charcoal production, polewood (Buschbacher 1990;Sedjo 1999;Ravenel and Granoff 2004), agricultural expansion-permanent cultivation, shifting cultivation, cattle ranching, colonization (Keys and McConnell 2005), policy and institutional factorseconomic development, property rights, credits, corruption, mismanagement (Gibson et al 2000;Mbatu 2009), Economic factors-market and special dynamics, economic structures, urbanization and industrialization (Barbier and Burgess 1996;Bhattarai and Hammig 2001;Geist and Lambin 2002;Barbier 2003), cultural factors-public attitudes, values and beliefs (Godoy et al 1997;Nepstad et al 2006).…”