Forest Structure and Diversity

Gadow, Klaus von; Zhang, Chun Yu; Wehenkel, Christian; Pommerening, Arne; Corral-Rivas, J. Javier; Korol, Mykola; Myklush, Stepan; Hui, Gang Ying; Kiviste, Andres; Zhao, Xiu Hai

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2202-6_2

Cited by 153 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Strong dominance of beech in term of mingling with other stand constituents has been observed by high number of authors (e.g. Bilek et al 2011, Gadow, Hui 2007. Pommerening (2002) confirmed the same patterns in the old-growth oak-beech forests, where oaks were surrounded by at least 3 beech individuals.…”

Section: Fig 4: Distribution Of Mingling Index (Dmi) Values (Left) Asupporting

confidence: 72%

Spatio-temporal structure of natural forest: A structural index approach

Balanda

2012

Beskydy

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Balanda, M. 2012: Spatio-temporal structure of natural forest: A structural index approach. -Beskydy, 5 (2): 163-172The submitted paper deals with the analysis of stand structure of mixed species natural forest located in the Carpathians, Middle Europe. In order to evaluation of structural diversity we chose the combination of distance independent and nearestneighbor indices. Following structural indices were calculated: Shanon-Weaver index (S-W), diameter differentiation index (Td), Gigi coefficient (G), mingling index (DMi) and Clark Evans index (CEd). The permanent research plot with area of 2.5ha was established in National Naure Reserve Hrončecký grúň and subdivided into 25×25m subplots. The combination of mentioned indices was calculated for each subplot separately. Regarding the diameter heterogeneity, the most part of analyzed structures showed the moderate level of tree size differentiation (S-W value 0.393±0.074). The presence of high number of juvenile individuals which already reached the diameter category "above 2cm" did not significantly affect the diameter variation of investigated stand. On the other hand, a massive establishment of subsequent generation led to creation of spatial structure characteristic by high level of vertical differentiation (Gini coefficient 0.47 in the structure characterized as the breakdown with successive generation). High climax species richness was confirmed by calculated values of DMi index (maximum relative presence in the category from 0.3 to 0.4). Each tree was surrounded by two and more different species individuals. Analysis discovers the negative developmental shift in the DMi values towards to less differentiated structures. Regarding the horizontal distribution the analysis of CEd values indicated that investigated natural forest can reveal a random distribution of individuals regardless of developmental stage.

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Section: Fig 4: Distribution Of Mingling Index (Dmi) Values (Left) Asupporting

confidence: 72%

Spatio-temporal structure of natural forest: A structural index approach

Balanda

2012

Beskydy

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“…The higher the index value, the greater is the diversity of species at a small spatial scale. the analysis of the distribution of SM allows the proportion of homogeneous groups and diverse species of trees in the stand to be specified (Kint et al 2000;Gadow, Hui 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forest structure is the result of different natural processes relating to its development, but, simultaneously, the forest structure itself also affects these processes (Spies 1998;Naumann, Starlinger 2001;Pommerening 2002;Pretzsch 2010;Gadow et al 2012). These ecological and biological processes occur in various spatial scales and may also overlap, whilst their intensity varies, depending on the stage of the forest development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With age, competition between trees in a forest becomes less intense; hence, the role of this process in older stands is assumed to be less important than in younger ones. Other factors, such as the natural disturbances mentioned earlier, play a greater role in shaping the structure of old-growth forests (Spies 1998;Szymański 2000;Zenner et al 2011;Gadow et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…one of the factors affecting the coexistence of species in a mixed forest is the interactions between individuals of each species, often resulting from different environmental requirements and microhabitats (McElhinny et al 2005;McIntire, Fajardo 2009;Wilson 2011;Gadow et al 2012). Aggregations of particular species favour their coexistence in the forest by weakening interspecies competition (Raventós et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural diversity of selected oak stands (Quercus roburL.) on the Krotoszyn Plateau in Poland

Szmyt

2017

Forest Research Papers

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Abstract. The oak forests growing on the Krotoszyn Plateau are the biggest and most valuable oak forest complexes in Poland. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural diversity of oak (Q. robur l.) stands older than 140 years. two natural stands located within the forest reserve as well as two managed stands were chosen for investigation. Species and tree size diversity were analyzed using different measures and spatially explicit and inexplicit indices. The results indicate that the structural diversity of the protected oak forests did not differ significantly from that of managed stands. On the contrary, undisturbed natural processes in protected forests can result in a low diversity of some structural attributes in such stands. Although most indices pointed towards a higher structural diversity in protected forests, the differences were not large, especially in the case of spatially explicit indices. The spatial arrangement of live trees was either random, aggregated or regular, with the latter clearly dominating managed, poorly mixed oak stands. Furthermore, a lack of natural disturbances strong hornbeam expansion, in which case strict protection is not favorable for oak sustainability as it creates unsuitable conditions for oak regeneration beneath the hornbeam canopy.

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Understanding 3D structural complexity of individual Scots pine trees with different management history

Saarinen

Calders

Kankare

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Forests are the largest terrestrial ecosystem covering one third of the earth's surface area (Roxburgh and Noble, 2013), and they provide a range of services such as carbon uptake (Hardiman et al., 2011), productivity (Puettmann et al., 2015), biodiversity (Fedrowitz et al., 2014), and resilience (Messier et al., 2013). Processes of growth and regeneration are closely related to these services also linking them with forest structure (von Gadow et al., 2012). The current forest structure is a result of tree and stand dynamics affected

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Forest Structure and Diversity

Cited by 153 publications

References 79 publications

Spatio-temporal structure of natural forest: A structural index approach

Spatio-temporal structure of natural forest: A structural index approach

Structural diversity of selected oak stands (Quercus roburL.) on the Krotoszyn Plateau in Poland

Understanding 3D structural complexity of individual Scots pine trees with different management history

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